China’s One Child Policy is said to have created a generation of ‘Little Emperors’. Assess the consequences of most families having only one or two children Essay

China’s one-child family policy has had a great effect on the lives of nearly a quarter of the world’s population for a quarter of a century, after it was introduced in 1979. One of the effects is often referred to as â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome†, which is when the only child received excessive amounts of attention from relatives causing a â€Å"spoilt brat† generation to occur. This puts both social and economic pressures on the families and children. By only having one child per family it allows the family to solely use its resources on that child; thus allowing the child to often fulfill their potential, as English lessons, music lessons and an additional range of extracurricular activities are normal. Although this has positive outcomes such as a rise in the number of Chinese children going to university, it has still mainly had the negative effect of the â€Å"Little Emperors† having large expectations of everyone else, with the government now being worried about a slump in the economy, being one of the many reasons why China may drop the one child policy. One of the main issues with the one child policy is that 336 million abortions in the time of the policy have taken place, which has caused a few moral issues throughout the world, with many people questioning the policy. Although many people in China have said that it has been a positive as a way to maintain the resources in the country and stop a large increase in the population. The number of abortions is paired with the issue of gendercide in China being at an all time high, people want a â€Å"Little Emperor† and not â€Å"Little Empress† due to traditional preference, this again presents a moral issue with the policy and may lead to future problems. Over 20 million girls are aborted each year and with over 50 million Chinese girls currently missing, there is a problem brewing in that there will be a shortage of women in comparison to men which may see the population and economy of China drop. The one child policy is also a costly program for the Chinese Government with over 400,000 people currently working for the policy and annually costs $708.8 million. This is not helped by the fact that the one child policy is creating a generation of youngsters that is not as good a working force compared to the current one; this is due to the fact that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are spoiled and do not expect to work for themselves (especially in urban areas, where there are wealthier families). It is thought that with the population (Fig 1) stagnating the economy may stagnate also, due to a smaller working force and one that is less willing to work, an example of the â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome† is that there has been a doubling in the number of platinum jewelry sales in China, an expensive gift usually given to children. Although the parental expectations are high, only 2% of Chinese children are able to go to university, which many Chinese scholars suggest may be a sign of the future of the stagnation of the Chinese economy. This all shows that the one child policy may not be aiding the economy that has currently been one of the fastest growing in the world, causing a few people in China to question it. The policy has also affected the children themselves, as surveys have suggested that children born during the one child policy are significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. All these characteristics are due to the fact that many of these children are born as an only child, and they now have present implications for the nation. These consequences include the number of criminal incidents to increase by 7.2% in the past 3 years and over $17 billion being spent on illegal drugs; this is because many young people create groups or gangs as close relationships in the place of ones with their siblings; but also due to the fact that a surplus of men has caused an increase in violence due to the increase in young males not marrying and becoming restless. This is not going to be beneficial for the country as it is causing youngsters to be misled into crime and will also be expensive for the government to try and expel from the country. It is also a thought that in the future there will be fewer people of a working age to support a growing number of elderly dependents, meaning that China has an ageing population. (Fig 2) Unfortunately, ageing populations have significant social and economic effects on countries, and with China’s fertility rate being predicted to be as low as 1.5 [a 2.1 fertility rate is needed in China in order for sustainability] the long term effects of the One-Child policy are likely to have detrimental effects for the future; including a stagnating economy. This is made worse by the fact that there are 60 million more men than women in China, which, is only going to lead to more social problems, such as a decrease in population in the future. (Fig 1)Which is shown by a recent census, China’s population grew 5.8% since 2000, from 1.27 billion to 1.34 billion — a significant difference from the previous census, which indicated a rate of 11.7%. (Fig 1) Finally, a positive effect of the one child policy is that it has severely reduced the population of the China by roughly 400 million. This has created an abundance of resources for China, which was under some pressure for necessities such as drinking water. However, China has dealt with that through projects such as the Three Gorges Dam, but also through the one child policy allowing for the surplus resources to exist due to the decline in population growth. The lack of 400 million people has also helped reduce global warming, because, by stopping these births China has averted over 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. Overall, it is clear that there are many negative consequences that have occurred or that will occur due to the one child policy, which is why it is thought that by 2020 the one child policy will no longer exist and that it will become the two child policy. The problems are economic and social problems that revolve around the idea of an ageing population that will need financial support from a spoiled generation; yet, the only environmental factors are positive- with global warming being reduced and the resources in China lasting longer and there being surplus. However, it is obvious that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are going to have to support China in their time of need, which is due to the one child policy, and it is whether they can do it or whether they have been spoiled to the extent that they are unable to run one of the biggest economies in the world. Lastly, the one child policy has probably been good for China itself, but the way that other nations now perceive China after the â€Å"brutal† one child policy, may cause them future problems.

Pramanik Containers And The Bottleneck

Printing plates were hard to locate when required for repeat orders which lead to constant delay in start of work. Shank and his crew often had to work overtime to complete the orders due to mismanagement of plates. Biennials is not ready to spend any money to upgrade the system but puppyish wants to improve the storage of plates. He should look to outsource storage and delivery of plates to external firm and introduce ERP technology for the same. WORD COUNT: 120 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Paranoia containers Pat Ltd, established in 1977 was a family based business owned by Biennials Meta in Iambi.They used to manufacture customized aerosol containers and was the sole supplier of cans to BBC Pharmacy, a large NC since 1977. An informal meeting between Biennials Meta and Moan Sings, purchasing director of BBC Company had initiated the business partnership and within a year's time Paranoia supplied aerosol cans to BBC Pharmacy. Paranoia had created a value on its own through product quality and fast service. Many new customers tied up with Paranoia because of its ever spreading capability and quality service (for which they were known) which resulted into an annual sales of about RSI 315 million by 009.Biennials was also interested in bidding for new business and supply aerosol cans to Radiant healthcare who were entering Indian market to sell deodorants. Paranoia used to manufacture aerosol cans according to specific customer requirements biz. Size, shape, diameter of cans. These requirements were met by installation of 4 high speed automatic fabrication machines which operated at a rate of 25 cans per minute. The printing department had to decorate cans according to customers specifications and this required a high-capacity machine which could print 300 parts per minute.By 2010, Puppyish Meta son of Biennials Meta Joined his family business after completing his family managed business (FM) program. On his first day in the company he walked into the printing area and saw Shank, the head printer sleeping on the Job and also observed that operation management in printing department was in total mess. Printing plates required for printing process were hardly found in time resulting in delay of entire process. Upon enquiring from Rakes the Accounts Assistant of the company he got to know that plates used for new orders were kept in storeroom after use to be subsequently used in repeat orders.But there was no proper mechanism in place for arrangement of plates so they could not be located easily. So to compensate the time lost in finding the plates employees often worked overweight to complete the order. It resulted in extra costs as workers were paid overtime wages and new plates were made only in emergency orders in case old ones were not found. Paranoia received about 60 orders per day and manufactured 30,000 cans per day. It had produced nearly 30,000 designs during last 15 years. Plates of all these customers were maintained for use in case of n ew order. Maintaining accounts of such vast data required meticulous work.But Shank insisted that they should hire another person to maintain the registers as he was already busy running the machine but this was not acceptable to Biennials. Puppyish decided to deal with the problems and discuss the same with his father. Puppyish wanted to restructure the storage operations of plates in his company, but further investment is not acceptable to his father. So Puppyish has to come up with a concrete plan whether he should introduce technology for data maintenance of printing plates, reduce the extra costs which are paid for working overtime or he would hire extra employees to maintain the registers of plates.PROBLEM STATEMENT Improper management of print plates records leading to unnecessary load on the employees of printing department resulting to the low efficiency and extra costs. Biennials was not ready to make any investments in upgrading the present system. OBJECTIVES: 1 . To impr ove operation and time managing department of printing division with minimum extra cost. 2. To store and locate printing plates in an efficient manner. 3. To introduce technology for maintaining data of printing plates and customers orders. 4. To reduce excessive work load on employees. OPTIONS: 1.Buy a new warehouse or rent it to store printing plates. 2. To introduce technology like ERP system to maintain computerized data of printing plates. 3. Hire extra people to specifically maintain printing plates registers. 4. Outsourcing the work to some company so they can maintain data storage of printing plates properly. EVALUATION OF OPTIONS: OPTIONS o c s 1. Buying a new warehouse will require lot of investments initially as well further operations costs for running the facility as well buy new equipments. It would be beneficial for proper maintenance of plates, cost incurred would hinder its implementation. Introducing ERP system will professionalism the system. It would store inform ation of each and every plate and employees will be able to prepare printing plates whenever customers place their orders. But it will require huge setup cost and they will have to hire employees and train them. 3. Hiring employees for maintaining record of plates will be a better option keeping cost factor in mind. Although it will lead to extra costs but it will be negligible as they were paying Shank and his crew overtime wages. Also it will reduce unnecessary load of current employees and they will be able concentrate properly on their work.But for maintaining huge amount of data, use of technology is advisable. 4. Outsourcing maintenance of printing plates to external firm will help Paranoia to focus on its core service of manufacturing and supplying aerosol cans which they are known for. Printing plates can be made depending on customers order and the outsourcing firm can maintain the data according to that. This will help employees of printing department to focus on decoratio ns of cans and need not worry about locating plates for every order. But this implementation requires investment and he will have to convince his father who is not willing to spend any money.RECOMMENDATION: Puppyish should try to negotiate with his father and convince him to invest money in outsourcing firm and to reduce constant bottleneck in printing department. Although hiring new employees will avoid extra costs but recommendation would be to outsource the work to the external firm. As Paranoia is well known aerosol manufacturer company,they should focus on its better quality service and fast service and let the external firm take care of the records of printing plates. This will reduce load from Shank as well as his crews shoulders and they will be able to work efficiently on printing machines.CONNECTIONAL: Puppyish has to come up with a concrete plan and convince his father and take him into confidence to invest the money into the outsourcing firm by showing him that they are already spending extra cost due to mismanagement of printing plates so they can cut down on the unnecessary spending which is affecting the company and customers not receiving their delivery orders completely due to orders becoming an emergency order. To implement the idea of outsourcing firm Puppyish should ask his team to float tenders to invite firms interested in storing and delivering printing late.CONTINGENCY PLAN: Puppyish should implement ERP technology in the firm as the data storage of the printing plates will be computerized. It will equip the company and it would help him as the company looks to expand the business in the future. Word count-11 50 UNDERTAKING To Whom It May Concern: l, Rural Augural, hereby declare that this assignment is my original work and is not copied from anyone/anywhere. If found similar with sources, I take complete responsibility of action taken thereof by WAC team. Signature NAME: Rural Augural ROLL NO: 131246 SECTION: B

Are students have changed Essay Example for Free

Are students have changed Essay Our students have changed radically. Today’s students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach. (Prensky,2001). Prensky further stated that children in the 21st century are classified as Net-gen, and digital-gen but the most useful description Prensky found for these children is Digital Natives. This is evident because in the 21st century children as young as three years are mastering the uses of computers, videogames, internets, tablets, mobile phones and other technological devices. According to Janssen (n. d) digital native is an individual who was born after the widespread adoption of digital technology. Technology is so advance and useful to students it seems like they get so addicted to it and felt like they can’t do without it and the other hand it helps students to improve in learning. Three changes that are seen with the first century learner regards to technology, they are more dependent on technology, misuse of information and unlimited thinking skills. Firstly, the internet is known as one of the greatest invention of modern age; a gateway that is magical to resources, information and communication unlike anything we previous dreamed of. It is claimed by many that it is the greatest single technological advance for education, as it opens opportunities for studying, learning and discovering. But as time goes by and the first generation of students grows up with modern internet technology from birth to teenage years, questions have been asking are children being dependent on technology. The internet provides students with  enormous advantage of a world of information at their finger tip. A single tap of the finger on the keyboard can deliver a hundred of articles under a second; far hours from when students would spend time spinning through library books and journals in days passed by. With the ease of access, the internet comes with disadvantages such as false and incorrect information that is easily distributed and can be difficult to trace sources and support the information. On, on the other side the volume of research materials online can make students to find information they need too easy, allowing them to compile these information by copying and pasting without understanding and analysing the information they are sifting through at all. While students from twent y years and beyond would have to read and absorb a huge amount of information such as putting together a report on tree frogs. These students have to use different sources for each part of the project; while on the other hand digital natives would discover everything needed to know by the internet site, picking up a little knowledge in the process. According to Jannsen (n.d) people believes that children who are digital natives think differently due to their early exposure to technology and have become accustom to using technology to solve the repetitive tasks that form the basis of traditional learning With the rise of different technology, and the fantastic way that produce communication from mobile phones to iPods to Skype and face book, modern students have become available to a wealth of education opportunities. Pupils from Jamaica can now hold an online debate with a class of their contemporaries in United States and others, interactive group webpage, class blogs, and programs that design interactive online animations which allowed educational communication to form. The reliance on the mobile phones and the laptops is taking toll on areas in education such as literacy and writing skills. This is said to be suffering as children write less and more text message expression take preference over their grammar. Also the suffering of simple communication skills and understanding of personal interaction as young people spend more time online communicating using their keyboards rather face to face contact. The reliance of such method for communication can cause students to form unhealthy relationships with others, concerned about critics that was said, and open up possibilities of cyber-bullying that is very dangerous and persecution of people online. Secondly, the expansion of the use and easy  availability of technology makes it easy for society to do negative activities that often violates the law. The main problems are the misuse of copyright, distribution of forbidden materials, violation of privacy or personal data and other serious activities. This activity can be seen in education field where the increase of plagiarism among students. Students can find information on the internet free and plagiarize other’s work whether if it is intentionally or without realising it. According to Lindemann C(2013) among students in grades 7-12, 21% have turned in a paper downloaded from the Internet. More than a third (38%) copied text from a website. The more students rely on the internet such as Google and Wikipedia answers to answer their home work questions, they are required to use less of their minds to come up with independent thoughts and opinions. Instead they simple click, copy and paste. Plagiarism is not the only way of cheating. The internet is not the only way; students can used other technology such as mp3 players, mobile phones, calculators and other technologies. In gaining information using phones this can be done by emails, texts, Bluetooth, as well as phone calls. According to Takahashi (2011) many educators perceive them a slacking more formal ICT skills. The availability and ease of use of technology makes cheating possible. The environment opens possibilities for academic dishonesty which can be difficult to discover. Students find simple and fast way to get through their studies, such way is to share materials, results, papers, information about exams. A majority of website offers a variety of finished work materials for essays, seminar papers, reports, and even degree works, answers to test for final exams in bachelor or master courses. These website are made for students to upload their work voluntary and the provider usually do not get benefit from the sites; while some sites will offer small benefit for uploading the work. Downloading the work can also be free without registration, if not unless the provider creates a user account or a fee. The reason why students plagiarize is the overload of information. The more information you have leads to the first step towards good school paper. Technology is used by teachers and professionals to increase the quality of leaning. The growth and progress in ICT changes education compare to decades ago and introduce methods that increase in students learning. From this students need to learn how to deal with information for assignments,  work tasks, research tasks and other information problems. Thirdly, technology affects students thinking skill. According to Wolpert S (2009) as technology has played a bigger role in our lives, our skills in critical thinking and analysis have declines, while our visual have improved. Thinking is the ability to reflect, draw on conclusions, knowledge, reason and insight. It is what makes students communicate, build, create and become civilized. Thinking is based from learning, observing, remembering, questioning, arguing, judging and others. The exposure of technology as changes learners. Because of students’ brain still developing and malleable, the exposure of technology causes digital natives brain to be wire in ways different from previous generation. Reading encouraged the brain to be focused and imaginative; but pleasure for reading has decline in young people which enhances thinking and creates imagination that visual media such as video games, television cannot. The using of visual media will allow students to process information better but most don’t allow students to get the time to reflect, analyze or imagine. Reading develops reflection, imagination, critical thinking as well as the development of vocabulary. Through reading, these skills are developed. Students today are more visual literacy and are less print literacy thus many students are not being seen reading often and reading for pleasure. Technology strengthens student’s ability to scan information quickly and efficiently. An impl ication for teaching and learning is that workshops or seminars should be implemented for teachers so that they receive training to know how to integrate the different types of technology into their lessons and make learning more engaging for students. As we know that student gravitates to technology and we are living in 21st century. Attending these workshops teachers are able to know more about each technology such as the usage, programs and others. They are able to monitor the technology by themselves and by doing so they are able to carry out the lesson effectively and stimulate children learning. One implication for policy makers is that in order for the teachers to integrate the technology in the classroom to meet the need of his students, firstly you should provide or equipped the schools with the necessary technology. Without these, teachers will unable to do so, which he or she wants to; so that her students can grasp the concepts well. For the school to be equipped policy makers should also develop an infrastructure to  place the technologies. Provide the necessary security and to eliminate outdated hardware and software and replace them with up to date as the years are passing by. â€Å"When technology integration in the classroom is seamless and thoughtful, students not only become more engaged, the y begin to take more control over their own learning†. (Hertz 2014). Technology integration is the use of technology in the classroom that helps to carry out learning concepts and to manage the class, such technology are computers, overhead projectors, digital cameras, internet, tape recorders, and CD-ROMs. Digital camera is a great application in the classroom as it allows collecting and documenting exciting events in the environment. Integrating digital camera properly can help to link lessons to student’s lives. For example class letter, development of stories and community based research. Cameras can be share between classes and capture images quickly and easily, in which pictures provide important context for children learning experience. Images that are culturally relevant can be a very powerful strategy for students to learn about their community. For example teaching about vocabulary, teachers can send students outdoor with the digital camera to take pictures of events, objects or actions that represent the vocabulary that was discussed . Students can be asked to write sentences or paragraph highlighting new vocabulary. Which is a very excited way for students to increase their vocabulary and become better readers; and teachers could give students the opportunity to take pictures of events or actions that reflect in a story that was read to them, downloading pictures from the computer then allowed children to write a sentence or paragraph about each picture. Having students to take pictures of the story event or action will help them to relate what they reading to their own lives in their community. Digital camera can be used to do storytelling which produces narrated short films using music, photos and voices. The grade 3 lesson â€Å"who are the people in my community†, students and teachers can take a walk within the community with the camera and take pictures of community helpers and write sentences about each role within the community. The teacher and students can produce their story by downloading the pictures on the computer using programs such as Photo-Story, Windows Movie Maker, Powe rPoint, that include narration for each. The tape recorder and boom box can be used to engage student and help save time. One activity for the whole class is teachers can use a student to  become the classroom DJ. Using a microphone, the student announces the topic of the day’s lesson. With a book in hand students can read along with their teacher during reading time. Students can even listen to a recording of their teacher who record the book tape before. The boom box can be used to create electronic portfolio that showcase student’s best work and the learning progress during a time period. By doing this teachers can record the students reading or thinking process when solving a problem, a video clip of his or her oral presentation and a CD with the child digital story. The tape recorder can be used to record student’s reading of a text at regular intervals which is assessed at each interval and strategies plan to improve the reading fluency. The overhead projector is a display system that is used to present images, videos, texts to students. It helps to carry out concepts and for students to grasp concepts by which it stimulates learning by watching videos, interactive games and retrieving texts which aid in the development of different learning styles such as audio and visual learners. The teacher faces the students while the notes that are prepared previously revealed. The lesson becomes engaging and students are attentive or focus and not only that but the teacher becomes more efficient by sharing and creating reusable work. . An example of how teachers can make the projector a part of her lesson is if a teacher is trying to bring across the lesson of the topic family to a grade two class, students will watch a video of the family then have a discussion with the teacher, from the video students will define the term family in their own words. Students will use family related terms seen in the video to write at least five sentences. The family related terms are like: grandmother, brother and sister. References Prensky M (2001) Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Retrieved February 19, 2014 from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prens†¦igrants%2520-%2520Part1.pd Hertz MB (n.d) How to Integrate Technology Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://www.edutopia.org/technology-integration-guide-implementation Wolpert S (2006) Is technology producing a decline in critical †¦ – UCLA Newsroom Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/is-†¦ducing-a-decline-79127.asp Lindemann C (2013) How to Stop the Plagiarism Plague | Education.com Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://www.education.com/magazine/articl†¦cle/stop-plagiarism-plague Janssen C (n.d) What is a Digital Native? – Definition from Techopedia Retrieved February 21, 2014 from www.techopedia.com/definition/28094/digital-native Takahashi (2011) Academia.edu | Documents in Digitalian – Academia.edu Retrieved February 23, 2014 from www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digitalian Are students have changed. (2016, Mar 21).

Ask week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ask week 6 - Essay Example Explicate some of the benefits associated with the use of informal organization. Although informal organization is argued to promote and to continue social cultural values of the organization, it can also lead to negative attitudes between employees. Explain ways through which informal organization can lead to this effect. How do people who refuse to transfer knowledge to others in an organization affect the running of the organization? What are advantaged accrued from mentoring and knowledge transfer within the organization? The current formal setting within the organization affects decision making processes. It is apparent that the organization can be termed as a family business entity. In what ways is this scenario a barrier in paving way for successful and effective decision making processes? It can be argued that in order to resolve the land problem, this formal organizational structure needs to be challenged. In what ways can this structure be challenged? Do you see the use of informal organization playing a critical role to this

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Contrast the textbook chapter one with primary source Essay

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Dissertation Premise - Assignment Example Therefore, the paper will explore the impact of director of nursing and director of social services leadership styles on psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. Relationship existing between nursing homes and leadership styles of nursing directors has a significant influence on the care quality. Nursing directors cooperate with administrators in establishing a long-term relationship with residents of nursing homes in order to foster a culture that can support development of the team. However, there are limited building preparations for the leaders of nursing homes, which cause limits on the leadership. On the other hand, administrators are focusing on adopting various initiatives that facilitate collaboration with nursing directors and social service directors to establish effective delivery teams. There are changes occurring in management of the old leadership in relations to personal behaviors and adaptation of new ones (Dixon, 2006). In this case, this paper will focus on the current study that results to offering relevant information concerning leadership in nursing homes and the roles of the individual teams that has resulted to impact on the psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. According to Allen (2008), data obtained from the government indicates that control of the administrative leader on the care quality and services has a significant psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. This has been attributed to recommendations by the regulators to foster changes that facilitate a culture embracing residents of nursing homes. Furthermore, embracing the residents of nursing homes focuses on their humanistic values and care that is personalized home like settings (Weiner & Ronch, 2006). There are conventional care models established by nursing and director of social services aimed at addressing the long term issues in the care environment that has an impact on psychosocial well-being of

Project size and effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project size and effectiveness - Essay Example The failure of a project is never affected by a single factor but a blend of factors that cripple the whole project. The statement â€Å"the larger the project is, the easier it fails. Nothing can change this trend† contains traces of truth in it. The last part of the statement is very wrong; the pattern can be broken by effective management principles and skilled personnel. It is a fact that bigger projects come with many responsibilities and tasks that should be effectively managed to succeed (Nicholas & Steyn, 2012). It demands collaboration, planning and control to make sure all team members are working towards the achievement of the project goals. Therefore, if an inexperienced project manager is given a chance to leader a big project the chances of failure increase significantly. Handling smaller projects can be relatively easy because very few people and activities are involved. Therefore, managing people and tasks is relatively easy. Regardless, it is very hard to find a project that cites the only reason for failure as its enormous size. Projects fail due to poor governance, poor implementation, lack of focus, and environmental changes. Poor governance is characterized by the provision of project sponsor who cannot inspire project members to work hard. The absence of passion and extensive knowledge on the project only serve to discourage other people (Nicholas & Steyn, 2012). The practical implementation of a project provides a positive start for the project, which is likely to lead to a definite finish. The lack of focus breeds complacency, which can certainly lead to project failure. It is very hard to keep the large teams that come with large projects motivated. A project manager can find it challenging to keep all project team members focused on achieving organizational goals and objectives. It is a fact that a project manager has to delegate duties when dealing with a massive project. As a result, direct

Legal Environment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Environment Analysis - Essay Example London hotels generated daily profit - expressed as income before fixed charges (IBFC) - of 47.75 per available room compared to 57.46 the same month a year earlier." (Hospitality Trends, 2009) Although the trends in the hospitality industry at the levels of the hotel chains are not satisfactory the company is going to be the part of the small firms which comprises 99% of the UK business community. The tourism industry of UK comprises of 127,000 businesses in which 80% of the businesses have a turnover of 250,000 pounds per annum. "The London outlook by business segment has also been revised since the Q4 2007 Hotel Market Outlook report when it was expected that the luxury market would lead the sector in 2008. The model now suggests that the mid-market sector will be the front runner, seeing revPAR growth of 7.3% during the year, before falling back to 4.2% in 2009" (Hotel Market Outlook, 2008). The main source of competitive advantage in services industry is efficient service for th e customers. Supply chain plays an important role in the efficient service provision to the customers. "The goal of a supply chain should be to maximise overall supply chain profitability. Supply chain profitability is the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the total cost incurred across all stages of the supply chain. Supply chain decisions have a large impact on the success or failure of each firm because they significantly influence both the revenue generated as well as the cost incurred. Successful supply chains manage flows of product, information, and funds to provide a high level of product availability to the customer while keeping costs low." (Chopra & Meindl, 2004; 44) The company will also use the same competitive technique in order to keep abreast with the challenges posed due to the high level of competition in the market. Industry Categories or types of establishment Hotels: These are the most luxurious provision of hospitality services (including conference and banqueting), resort, budget and bed and breakfast. Pubs, bars and nightclubs: These are the managed houses where alcoholic beverages are sold. Contract food service providers: These hospitality companies provide services such as schools or hospital catering provision; food and drink and facilities management at different organizations. They also provide services such as housekeeping linen and security. Hospitality services companies: These companies provide support to the provision of in house food and drink. They can be retailers or local authorities. Restaurants: Restaurants are the most popular category of the hospitality business found in UK. These include the Fast food establishments, cafes and coffee shops, mainstream restaurants and fine dining. The proposed business will belong to the same category. The hospitality business will be a restaurant with Oriental theme. Reason for

The Tsars or Lenin between 1855-1956 Essay Example for Free

The Tsars or Lenin between 1855-1956 Essay Stalin was more successful in modernising Russias economy than either the Tsars or Lenin between 1855-1956. How far is this a valid assessment? Over the time period 1855-1956, Russia underwent hugely dramatic changes, in such a relatively short amount of time the country and its people was ruled by different groups and people, with different ideologies and stances and the economy, and more specifically industrialization. Although on the face of things, it is obviously apparent that Stalin was the most successful at achieving a modernised economy , the context of the situation he inherited and manipulated was unique, and this modernisation came at great cost. Stalin and Lenin both built on the structure that the Tsars created, although it was not nearly enough to stabilize Russias economy, it was a start. Before explaining what impact each of these individuals had on the economy, it is important to understand the background of Russias economy, both agricultural and industrial. One of the most startling features of Russia at this point, was its size, and ironically how this size and potential was not being properly utilized. Communications across this huge area were extremely poor; roads outside the big cities were poor at best. The vast majority of Russia population at this point, were the serfs (making up around 70-75% of Russias total population). Serfs were virtually owned by their masters, they did what they were told and had little or no free will, the vast amount of surfs working in agriculture. It would be assumed that because there was so much emphasis on agriculture and so many numbers behind it that agricultural input would have been high, but in fact, the opposite was true. The state of agriculture in Russia in 1855 was abysmal; the method of farming was backward so efficiency levels were extremely poor, the strip system and wooden ploughs were still used, and there was not enough land for each serf. Concerning industry, there was a low level of this also considering the size of Russia, because the majority of the working population lived rurally, urban factories and workers had only a limited amount of available work. In 1855, it is safe to say that Russias economy needed a kick start; it was starting to become left behind and was being outranked by the other world powers. Tsar Alexander II 1855-1881, inherited the aforementioned situation, and it seems as though he was determined to make some sort of change. In 1861 he passed the Emancipation of the serfs, meaning that the vast majority of serfs, were granted freedom, allotted land, or were allowed to find work in the cities. It is estimated by 1864 some 50 million serfs had been granted freedom. The reasons for this turnaround are varied, but most believe that Alexander II had finally realized that Russias economy and industrial progress called for a free labour force. Although the intentions may have been good, there were problems with this act, first of all, landowners had to be compensated through redemption payments by the freed serfs, but because of the small amount of allotted land the serfs received, they were not much better off than they previously were because they amassed so much debt. The idea behind this emancipation was to free up a new work force, and let the peasants farm their own crops, with the excess to be sold for export thus revitalizing the economy. Many of the freed peasants moved into urban areas and a labour force was created, but the root problem of subsistence farming still remained, and without strict guidelines from their masters, agricultural production declined. Other changes made by Alexander II were the huge increase in the railway network (increase of 2000% by 1881 of its 1855 levels) and the amount of factory workers increased by 150% respectively. Although these numbers seem positive, considering the vast population and potential Russia had, these increases could have been much higher and are only just a start. Under Alexander II the state bank and ministry of finances in 1860 was established, giving the capital a strong position. Alexander III (1881-1894) took on a slightly less sympathetic position than his father, after Alexander IIs assassination, his son believed that the only way forward for Russia was one through traditional autocratic ruling. One of his biggest shortcomings was the fact he emphasized hugely on industry and failed to utilize the potential of Russias agriculture. Although this was negative, some advancement in industry was seen, such as the huge amount of railway development, namely the near completion of the vastly important trans-Siberian railway, and the production of coal doubled between 1892 and 1902. The policies of Sergei Witte had effects from this reign into that of Nicholas II. Investment from abroad and state subsidies to heavy industry all played a part in stabilizing the economy. However, the neglect of agriculture contributed to the 1891 famine.

European Continent in the Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

European Continent in the Industrial Revolution Essay Historians are divided into various schools of thoughts on the issue of causes of imperialism. There are many opinions favouring all possible options. The biggest reason cited has been the economic dominance. The rapid industrialization of the European Continent in the Industrial Revolution created an unprecedented economic advantage between Europe the areas which later on became their colonies. This economic differential can be argued to be the lead cause of the European quest for colonization. However Industrialization related economic advantage was not the only single reason why some countries choose to become Colonial masters. This process was greatly facilitated by the highly developed bureaucratic system of administration in Europe vis-a-vis the Africa and some what Asian colonies. If economic advantage was the fuel which caused the Imperialism and Colonialism to grow, bureaucracy was its engine and the driver was the third generally cited reason i. e. racial supremacy theories of the times. Europeans believed themselves to be a superior race having a superior religion destined to rule the world forever. Probably it was the degree of all the three factors combined that decided which states pursuer the colonization aims more vigorously than other. If only one element was missing or a shade lower than its counterpart, its success ratio in colonizing maximum area was also lower. Therefore it was the combination of these three factors which decided the ratio of successful Imperialism in Europe. Reference List Empire and Imperialism-Europe retrieved from Internet on 05/09/07 from http://science.jrank.org/pages/7654/Empire-Imperialism-Europe.html

Scope of tourism development

Scope of tourism development TOURISM Introduction Tourism is one of the fast growing industry in the world. When considering India, undoubtedly there is an unlimited scope of tourism development in the South Indian state of Kerala which would definitely bring up the economic growth of the country. There is a high degree of widening the service in this industry with the help of technology and infrastructure in connection with the globalisation process. I am going to examine the scope and opportunity of developing the tourism in Kerala, focusing and exploring its natural resources and cultural inheritance and the very traditional nature of simplicity and service. In order to promote the tourism industry there must be a quality service everywhere from the point of travellers arrival to their departure. Every tourist should feel homely and comfortably and would feel that they got some exotic and exited experience in their life to keep for their rest of the life. The people, culture, custom and etiquette, all need to be watched and monitored by the authority so that every tourist will get the maximum comfort and enjoy their time in Kerala. There should be different and skilled human resource to cater the variety of their need in time with good quality. To unravel scope of the tourism and enjoy the benefit, there must be suitable approach and attitude form the government to address the issues involved in the tourism industry. Kerala is bestowed with its beauty of nature and heritage. If it is maintained and measures are taken to present Kerala in a grand appearance, then it would bring an unbelievable future. To help and promote the tourism and other related activities, the national policies on tourism had been introduced in 2002. The travel and tourism sector faces a lot of challenges. The terrorists give a big threat to the industry globally. After September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre, Indo-Pak Boarder tension, 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack and threat to the different region in India, there is a considerable negative growth of the influx of tourists in India. There is quality tourism with Kochi centred resort as the most popular. Kerala is rich in culture with full of colourful and unique art. It is said to be Gods own Country and it is the one of the finest tourist spot in the world. Kerala has won the popularity as a tourist spot and became one of the important tourist destinations in the world. Kerala is outstanding for its beaches, backwaters, warm weather, hill stations, waterfalls, wild life and Ayurveda (an indigenous branch of health care and herbal treatment). Variety of year round festivals and the diversity of flora and fauna make Kerala a unique destination. The tourism in Kerala contributes a major role in the growth of the economy that empowers and generates the job opportunity and development of infrastructure. There is an incredible chance to develop and integrate tourism circuits based on Indias civilization, heritage and culture in association with private sector and other agencies. The tourism industry in Kerala is focusing in delivering a high quality service to its guests. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation(KTDC), District Tourism Promotion Council, Bekal tourism Development Corporation(BTDC), Local Government and Private sector are the major active organisers of the Tourism in Kerala. Kerala has got cosy and comfortable guest houses and tourist homes which are run by the government and the private parities. The accommodation for tourists are provided in hotels, resorts etc according to their interests. Star hotels are available at most of the towns in Kerala and the service offered is excellent and they are worth for its value. Kerala is always keeping its heritage and culture which is famous for its hospitality. There are well trained and skilled tourist guide who are trusted and presenting a valuable job for the tourists. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation is keen at dealing with the promotion of tourism with its innovative strategies of management. Participation in Trade fairs As Kerala, a marvellous Tourist Destination which can offer a lot to the travellers to their mind and body, a world class tourism destination , the Department of Tourism want to promote the industry in a large scale focusing on the service quality and the infrastructure related to its function in every aspects. The Department of Tourism participated in national and international trade meets along with private sector and organised road shows and events. Kerala Brand Kerala has been branded as one of the most famous destination in the travel and tourism industry. There is a wide scope of marketing and all possible strategies are being taken to promote the tourism in kerala. A great deal of this is due to proactive marketing. The experts are keen at developing its physical, ecological, cultural and social structure as a whole. The Tourism Development Corporation is engaging in constant reviewing and taking ample decision and taking appropriate policies and procedures for its overall developments. Infrastructure The infrastructure is one of the unavoidable elements which influence or affect the tourism industry .The infrastructure promote the tourists attraction a lot. Majority of the tourists are seeking for a hassle free travel and mind free leisure time with all the facilities they wish to have. If travellers are facing difficulties in their travel and accommodation, there should be all the things need to be in hand. The availability of quality infrastructure is very critical in the tourism system. The Tourism industry in Kerala promotes a lot of activities which are interesting to the tourists. All activities are in relationship with the building up of world class tourism infrastructure facilities like tourism accommodation, transportation facilities, proper water system and lighting system etc. Apart from these, there must be a systematic network to make a move on the tourist in a comfort based manner. There should be appropriate information at all the information point where people can access information about everything under the sun in Kerala. It is essential to have the tourists to guide to their destinations and needs. ROAD SHOWS IN NEW MARKETS Tourism Events The Tourism Development in Kerala is keenly interested in promoting the tourism by finding new ways to promote it and it is adapting new strategies and policies. There are so many series of events that are being carried out to attract more tourists through Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events like MICE destination etc. There is a great deal of importance in locating the destination Kerala for its specific features of beautiful Beaches, Backwaters, unique and indigenous Ayurveda , Wildlife , Hill stations and cuisines. There are a variety of rare highly productive products like village tourism, Heritage tourism, Eco tourism and medical tourism. New Products Development Kerala has got a lot of high profile products which are uncommon and most of the tourists seek and would like to experience its rarity. Kerala has got to offer Medical tourism and a lot in the Health care sector to attract tourists. It is a fantastic destination for the people who are interested in bird watch for Avian Tourists. In addition to the backwater exploring events, Kerala has got to offer a lot in Avian tourism to attract the birdwatchers from across the globe. There are large varieties of treat for the visitors waiting in Kerala. The plantation based tourism is highly promoted. Kerala is famous for its ancient buildings and tree houses which are generally a typical house which is built on the top of the tree named Erumadam. Kalamandalam an organisation which is rich in its own traditional and very original kadhakali which is a typical dance which is performed only in the State of Kerala which attracts tourists with its own colourful rich classic dance mainly based on expressions. Eco Tourism Kerala is showing keen interests in the tourism process and activities which is more or less given priority to its environment. It is aiming at conducting the tourism activity in relation with the ecological condition of the region and it has been introduced much advanced strategies for developing the concept of Eco-Tourism in the recent times. The basic norm is to deal with green, conservation, preservation and concern with its sustainability. As the word Eco stands for the ecology it has a strong link and relation between living organism and their environments, thus linking tourism with the environment and it is directly linked with the tourism development and environment. Increasingly, ecotourism is being defined as a nature oriented travel that promotes conservation and resource protection and also adds to the local economy. Thenmala and Wayand are good examples for the major projects undertaken under eco tourism. The Thenmala project is the one of the very pioneering planned eco tourism which is managed by the country. The Department of Forest help the tourism department to give the infrastructure facilities to promote these activities in connection with the eco tourism Forest Department, the infrastructure facilities have been created at Palaruvi. The management of tourists to the falls is done through the Vana Samrakshana Samithy,(Organisation for conservation of Forest). The eco tourism is the different approach and recent introduction in the tourism industry in Kerala .The project is promoting tourism at the Periyar Tiger Reserve at Thekkady in Kerala. The Ministry of Environment is concentrating and proposing a lot of project to develop the eco tourism at Periyar. India Eco development programme Tiger Trail project was launched at Wildlife Sanctuary. The project focused on conservation of fauna and flora of the area where the local inhabitancies were given dominant role to monitor the activities which could lead to protect its wild life and the flora. The deep knowledge of the locals were used to make use to protect the eco system. Besides the Tiger Trail, other ecotourism products of the Periyar Tiger Reserve are; Bamboo Rafting, Day Trekking Programme, Tribal Heritage, and Bamboo Grove, Jungle Inn and Wild adventures. Eco tourism is a modern concept in the tourism industry where the explorers take a journey to the nature and enjoy it basically without disturbing the nature through any activities. There is a wide scope on this sector where the industry can invest comparatively less in order to explore the system far and wide. The local people of the immediate environment are involved directly and benefited from these activities and can contribute to this. Their knowledge can be utilised for the educational purpose too. Training and Developments Kerala Tourism Development Corporation has started a lot of different training programmes which are aimed at increasing the quality of service in connection with the tourism activities. As communication is a strong key to open the minds and the truth, and English being as an international language, special training were given to the people who are operating and dealing with the international clients .The people who are working in hotel and tourism sector were taught Spoken English and training the basic etiquette of wishing and making the guests happy and comfortable. The increasing potential and the scope inspire the private investment in a large scale in the tourism sector in order to generate more income. The GDP country has been increased by 10.69% including multiplier effect. Employment Generation As the Hotel and tourism industry need to deal with direct contact with Human being, there is a great deal of Human Resources are needed for the efficient and productive service in this industry. So is a great opportunity for the people to get employments in Kerala. There is 11.07% of increase in the total employment in the travel and tourism sector. The different sources are concentrating to help provide expertise to deal with the most demanding jobs. Back Water Tourism in Kerala The backwaters of Kerala are the most serene and salubrious tourist attraction. It attributes in a great deal to the Gods Own Country and have given it the sobriquet Gods Own Country. It is said to be the fifty must see places in the world (National Geographic Travel). The house boats (Kettuvalloms), lakes and backwater and its associated festivals and events make Kerala as an outstanding tourist spot on the globe. The tourism in Kerala generates employment and income in various ways. The enchanting beauty and exciting events in Kerala at the region where backwaters would be a marvellous treat for anyone who enjoys the nature and the art of travelling .The cruising in house boat with all the class facilities with indigenous cuisine will leave a legacy in the tourists mind. It is quite rejuvenating and relaxing for their body and mind. The backwaters in Alappuzha District is the most beautiful location the tourist plunge in to explore the nature by cruising in house boats. There are lot of lakes which treats the tourists with most courteous charms. The Nehru Trophy Boat race is one of the important events which attract the tourists. There is every thing the traveller seeking to gather, the beauty, and hassles free life ,calmness ,serenity , traditional oil massage , Ayurvedic treatments etc. Kerala Backwaters Destinations The travellers would be thrilled with the Keralas most precious treasure, the backwaters. The backwaters are located mainly in the region of the districts Allappuzha, Kotttayam, Trivandurm, Kollam and Kozhikode. The beautiful canals and rivers embellished with the palm trees and the typical life style of the villagers would be a definite treat for every tourists. The Chinese fishing net is a spectacular thing which is still used by the fisherman. There is popular boat cruise operating between Alappuzha and Kollam .The tourist would be thrilled by the captivating beauty of the serene, warm and bright rejuvenating freshness. The very nature of Kuttanadu is an icon of simplicity of life and will be an amazing experience to the tourists. The vast area of paddy field would be definitely a feast for their eyes. The backwaters have a network of forty four rivers, lagoons and lakes in Kerala . There are 29major lakes on the backwaters and is stretched over a total expanse of 1500 kms. Being the most prominent backwater resource in Alleppy, there are more facilities and infrastructure developed by the Government as well as the private sector .To explore the immediate ambience of the very village of Kuttanadu which has ramification of beautiful rivers and canals every nook and cranny of its land. The greenery, culture, cuisine and the custom would be rare and leave the tourist with a indelible memory of the Gods own Country. According to the WTTC, tourism accounted for 13.6 per cent of global GDP, 14.0 per cent of the total world exports and 11.4 per cent of global employment in the year 2008. In 2009, the travel and tourism generates 248 million direct and indirect jobs worldwide, accounting for 10.8 percent of global employment, and contribute up to 12.4 per cent of global GDP .In 2007 there were 76.1 million job generated in travel and tourism industries and this is 2.7% of total employment .It is believed that it would increase by 2.8% and there will 86.6million jobs would be created by 2017 in the travel and tourism sector. It is estimated world travellers will spend over US$ 7,864.3 billion as per estimates of WTTC for year 2007.According to the same estimate; the global travel and tourism activity is expected to increase by 4.7 per cent between 2009 and 2016. Indian Tourism Industry The tourism industry is growing at an incredible speed .In the next 5 to 10 years it is expected to generate an income $89.9billion (World Travel and Tourism Council). The reason for the splendid growth is due to the increase in travellers confidence and expecting GDP over 8% for the upcoming years. The report has also cited that the growth in number of arrival of tourists in India has ensured a bright year ahead for the tourism industry. The steady inflow of foreign tourists witnessed in the last two decades is due to a number of factors. The vivid Indian culture is imperative in attracting foreign tourists from around the globe to India. The splendid beauty of the virgin countryside and the matchless monuments lures the leisure tourists to the holy land. Moreover the promotion campaigns like Incredible India has made India Global and helped in boosting the tourism industry of the country. There has been a remarkable growth in the recent years in foreign tourist arrivals to India due to the various efforts made by the Ministry, Indias campaign in overseas markets. Incredible India is a multi-pronged promotional campaign launched by the Ministry in order to position the country as a preferred tourist destination for the travellers the world over. As a result of all such efforts, Indias share in international tourist arrivals, which was 0.49 per cent in 2005, has increased to 0.65 per cent during 2009. The foreign tourist arrivals has increased by about 65 per cent from a level of 3.92 million in 2005 to 5.40 million in 2008. In the year 2009, it has risen to 5.90million, registering an impressive increase of around 13 per cent. Similarly, the foreign exchange earnings from tourism have also shown a phenomenal growth from US$ 6569.34 million in 2006 to US$ 7407.82 million in 2007, achieving an increase of 14.6 per cent. PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment There are many factors in the macro-environment that will affect and influence the operation and functioning of tourism industry. The government should address the issues involving legality of the operation system and strategies: Political factors. These refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. The policies and procedures of the tourism industry monitored by the government .There will be always debatable issues between the political parties .So is one of the deciding factors whether there is a strong political party leading government to take strong decision in favour of the development of the tourism industry. Economic factors. These include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. The economic status of the country would affect the tourist. Social factors. Changes in social trends can be a major issue in the tourism industry .The social environment should be appealing and amicable where the tourist wants to get satisfied with their need as presumably the happiness is the ultimate demand. Technological factors: The new technologies like information technology have an important role in the promotion of the tourism industry. Online information online booking of the hotel and the boats or any other event which could possibly attract the tourist. Environmental factors: Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact tourism. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. Legal factors: Certain pertaining stringent rules may obstruct the influx of tourist. The common legal aspect of the country might be an inhibition for the tourist to coup with. So it is important for the decision makers to make laws in favour of promoting the tourism industry. CONCLUSION The evaluation of tourism industry unravels the truth that there is a great and incredible potential to explore in tourism industry in business oriented way. The tourism industry would definitely bring up with a considerable income and generate a large amount of employment in the country. The unique product of kuttanadu and its backwaters promising the tourist to satisfy their need with its authentic presentation of houseboat kettuvallam. The industry is influenced by different elements in the macro environment. The sustainable development is definitely controlled of affected by these factors. There is lot of demerit which should be addressed in view of the hosts perspectives. The PESTEL factors influence the industry, there are recent issues emerged to the people of the kuttanadu with the waste products dumped by the tourists which would damage the environment and it could bring a server pollution to the environment. The use of plastic utensils and other equipment will affect the environment. The plastic products wastage will not disintegrate in the soil, it will destroy the environment. To monitor these factors the model of Eco-tourism should be promoted more emphatically. The tourists are encouraged to have the Kerala cuisine on the banana leaves as the natives do and the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation is promoting this effort. The tourism industry has got tremendous potential to explore. The private sector and the government sector are equally interested in investing in the growing industry. The extra ordinary and unique features of the event and nature of the place has got an incredible opportunity to promise to the people of Kerala and the travellers seeking for the peace of mind and body. The culture, heritage, typical arts and geographical features contribute a lot to the tourism industry. More than ever important element is the human resource and the very famous-the epoch making hospitality of the State is making the tourist so happy and excited and once they visit, they would come back with thousands. All the virtues lies with the Gods own Country. REFERENCE R Harris,T Griffins, P Williams., 2002 Sustainable tourism a global perspective 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Ltd. C Cooper, J Feltcher, A Fyall, D Gilbert, S Wanhill., 2008 Tourism principles and practices 4th edition, Prentice hall. http://wayanad.nic.in/index.htm http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rsus http://www.kabani.org/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=58Itemid=69 http://www.visitscotland.org/about_us/our_focus/sustainable_tourism.aspx http://www.wessex.ac.uk/10-conferences/sustainable-tourism-2010.html www.keralatourism.org. www.wttc.org www.tourismofindia.com http://www.bharatonline.com/kerala-backwater- tours/index.html

Donald McKay :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 1840’s and 1850’s America experienced its golden age in shipping and sailing.1 At the front of this era was Donald McKay whose innovative ship designs lead to the numerous sea speed records, some of which stand today. For most of the early 19th century American ship building consisted of merchant and cargo ships. It took a long time for these ships to sail across seas. With the increased speed came decreased time to wait for pay. Another need for increased speed was the California gold rush of 1849. People wanted to make the trip as quickly as possible in order to stake their claims. Donald McKay’s clipper ships enabled people to do that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper investigates why Donald McKay is the father of American clipper ships. He was born in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, September 4, 1810.2 When Donald was sixteen years old he had the desire to learn the trade of ship building, so he went to New York. In 1826 New York was the worlds best shipbuilder and shipbuilding was America’s leading industry. McKay decided that in order to learn the trade he must obtain an apprenticeship. So he became an apprentice to Isaac Web who has appropriately been called the â€Å"Father of Shipbuilders†. This is because more successful master shipbuilders came out of Web’s shipyard than from any other place in America.3 At the conclusion of his apprenticeship he went on to work for Brown & Bell. In 1832 packet building was the best and most readily available work in New York. The majority of these ships were built at Isaac Web’s, Brown & Bell’s, and Smith & Dimon’s. At this time McKay was wh at would be called a free lance ship wright. McKay then married Albenia Martha Boole the eldest daughter of John Boole.4 At this time McKay then went to Newburyport and formed a partnership with William Currier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They formed the firm Currier & McKay and built the Courier. This was McKay’s first real production as designer and builder of a ship. The Courier was built for the coffee trade between New York and Rio de Janeiro and was sold to Andrew Foster & Son.5 Their firm soon dissolved and McKay then become connected with William Pickett and formed the firm of McKay & Pickett. Under this name they built the New York packet ship St. George. This was the first of the Red Cross Line.

Cloning is Not Morally Correct :: essays research papers

For many years now many people have debated over the fact about the moral issues connected with cloning. To begin with, what is cloning Cloning is ?making a living thing from another living thing such as a plant or animal. The process uses the genes of the first so they both have identical DNA.?1 This means that something is being made through a process of copying. This is helpful, no doubt, in many ways. Scientists could use clones to ultimately cure diseases and such. But is it worth ?playing God?2 to achieve things that probably could be done in a different approach? Is cloning truly ethical? Or is it morally wrong? I believe that cloning is morally incorrect and unethical. One of the things that greatly impacts people?s perspective of the answer to this question is religion. Studies have shown that the more religious a person is, the more against cloning they are.3 Religion is one of the things that is the foundation of many beliefs and fundamentals in the lives of many people. This affects me directly because I am Protestant and believe in God. When cloning we are not only opening the doors to ?religion vs. science? debates, but we are also saying that the beliefs of other is incorrect. This may be offense to many people. When cloning animals of any sort it challenges the beliefs of many religions. I believe that cloning is immoral because a very small percentage of the cloning ?beings? actually live. The success rate of cloning is between a mere 0.1% and 3%4 (the famous Dolly [cloned sheep] was 1 successful try out of 276 tries [.36%] 5). This small percentage shows us that the efficiency of cloning is very small. I believe that if we are going to allow something to be ?legal? it should have a greater success rate. Many problems come up when looking at this percentage. The first one is what will happen to all the ?trash? or the failures? A place will need to be built in which the materials of the failed experiments will go. Another problem is what if a couple wants to design their own ?perfect? child. With a small success rate, the length of time in which one child might be completely and perfectly produced might be very long. Cloning might also mess the mind-set of parents because many cloned animals have problems in their later development.

Affirmative Action Essay -- essays research papers

Since the beginning of time there has been prejudice and hate. Adam and Eve hated snakes. Jews hated Jesus. Sugar Ray Leonard hated Tommy Hearns. Prejudice is caused by two things: ignorance and hate. Prejudice and mistreatment has existed in this country, first with American-Indians and then later with African-Americans and many other minorities. The selling and trading of slaves is a shadow that has been hanging over the heads of white Americans for two centuries. Some people feel that it is the white-American's duty to pay the black population back. According to Spencer Perkins, co-author of More than Equals: Racial Healing for the Sake of Gospel, in reference to the long-standing racial divisions in America, "It took us 300 years to separate ourselves like this, it's going to take a while to undo that." (Perkins 26) Affirmative action is designed to give minorities, such as blacks, the opportunity to maintain jobs in our prejudicial society. For those who support Affirmative Action they define it as a way to give the disadvantaged a chance at the "American dream." Those who do not support Affirmative Action define it as giving minorities positions that they are not qualified to have. As Mr. Khalenberg, head editor of The New Republic says, "we will still reward those who play the victim" (Khalenberg 27). Just imagine that you have gone through six years of college and have gotten your degree. You go looking for a job and even though they are tough to come by you manage to get an interview with a well-known company. The interviewer tells you that you and one other person are equally qualified and in the running for the job. You get a call later telling you that you didn't get the job because the company had to hire a minority. You would most likely be angry, right? The purpose of this paper is to show the differences in how people feel about the issues involved with affirmative action. This paper was written to give different views on affirmative action. First I will give a little background and general information on the subject. Secondly, I will show how those that are in support of affirmative action feel. I will then balance the arguement out by showing how those who oppose affirmative action feel. I will also explore the minorities that are also against affirmative action. Finally, I will tell what causes the consequences that affirmative... ...America today. Because of the horrid history of this nation, the disgust directed at "White America" is not surprising, however, it does seem surprising to many Americans that there are minorities who are against affirmative action. This country, whether we will admit it or not, was built on the blood and sweat of minorities. Therefore it should not be unexpected that minorities would like a fair share of what this country has the to offer. If this happens, maybe minorities will someday have the opportunity to walk our "streets of gold." Works Cited Fredrickson, George M. Racism : A Short History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002 Kahlenberg, Richard. "Class, Not Race." The New Republic April 3, 1995: 21-27. O’Gara, Juliane. Making Workplaces Work. Washington, DC: Business and Professional Women’s Foundation. 1995 Perkins, Spencer and Chris Rice. More than Equals: Racial Healing for the Sake of the Gospel, Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1993. Rosen, Jeffery. â€Å"Is Affirmative Action Doomed?† New Republic 17 Oct. 1994: 25+ Waller, James. Face to Face: The Changing State of Racism Across America, New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1998.

Dadaism And Surrealism

Introduction: The 19th. Century was an era of invention and discovery. The horrors of the First World War led to widespread social trauma. People found consolation in art and literature, and used it as a way to express their outrage caused by the war. People demented a form of expression that was honest, realistic, and critical of political and social behaviors. This Disillusionment following the war manifested itself in a number of ways, sparking artistic, literary, philosophical, musical, and cultural movements.In contrast to pre-war artistic movements, such as Impressionism, post- ar art became bleak and cynical, changing the rules, abandoning tradition. Literature mirrored the artistic movements in exposing the atrocities committed during the world war. Some people were revolted by nationalism and what it had caused; so, they began to work towards a more internationalist world through organizations such as the League of Nations. Pacifism became increasingly popular. Others had th e opposite reaction, feeling that only military strength could be relied on.Dadaism Dada or Dadaism was a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was originated in Zurich and Trace in 1916. This movement was a protest against the barbarism of the War. Its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. There was also a rejection of war politics and social organization. Characteristics: Dada artworks allow the viewer to interpret artworks in a variety of ways.It was an artistic revolt and protest against traditional beliefs of a pro-war society, and also fought against sexism/racism to a lesser degree. It was an anti-war movement created by artists around Europe as a way to express he troubles and traumas within societies affected by the war itself. Influences by Futurism, Cubism and Expressionism Collage Technique of cutting pieces of paper items and including items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. To portray aspects of everyday life.Photometer Dadaists used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. Photometer utilized actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press. Key figures: Tristan Tsar (1896 – 1963) was a Romania avian-garden poet, essayist and reference artist. Also active as a Journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishment Dada movement. Hannah Hooch (1889 – 1978) was a German Dada artist.She was one of the originators of photometer. Francis Pica (1879 – 1953) was a French painter, poet, and typographic, associated with Cubism, Abstract art, Dada and Surrealism. Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural and artistic movement that began in the sass's in Paris. It is best known for its visual artworks and writings. The movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory. The aim was to â€Å"resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality. Artists developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. The goal of Surrealist artists was not to produce lifelike replications of people or objects, nor were these artists concerned with creating works of delightful abstract beauty to delight the eyes. They were instead focused upon using all forms of art as a meaner to express the real functioning of the human mind. Fraud's work with free association, dream analysis, and the unconscious was of utmost importance to the Surrealists in developing methods to liberate imagination.Surrealism in all its forms is highly concerned with dreams and the subconscious mind. Surrealist art does not shy away from shocking, sexual or violent imagery; artists within this school actively sought to push the boundaries of what was considered socially acceptable and artistically valid. Surrealist literature Lit ©return contained automatism works and accounts of dreams. Examples of Surrealist literature are Artist's El Pees-Nerds (1926), Argon's Urine's Count (1927), P ©retest's Death to the Pigs (1929), Creel's Mr.. Knife Miss Fork (1931), Shades Headway's the Blind Owl (1937), and Bretons Sure la route De San Romano (1948).Surrealist films Early films by Surrealists include: Un Chine Nodal by Luis Bundle and Salvador Dali (1929) L'?GE door by Bundle and Dali (1930) Music by Surrealists Jazz and blues music were very important during this movement Key figures: Salvador Dali was an Spanish painter and filmmaker whose melting clocks and five- egged stick animals are easily recognized throughout the world. Like the other Sur realists, Dali sought to explore the nature of the artist's true self by embracing the marvelous, irrational, subconscious areas of the mind.The Persistence of Memory is a painting by the famous Spanish surrealist artist Salvador Dali. The original title of this painting is â€Å"La persistence De la memoriam† and it depicts a fetus-like head lying on the ground, like a fish that was washed ashore and now decaying after a lost struggle gasping for air. There are four watches in this painting, three of which appear to be molten, as if made out of cheese. The only watch whose structure doesn't appear to be malformed – unlike other watches it is orange in color – is sitting on a desk-like object.The ants seem to have found a point of interest in the centre of the orange watch. It possibly derives its meaning from Sigmund Fraud's work on psychoanalysis because Dali painted it during his psychoanalytical era of painting. Interpretation 1: The persistence of memory me aning theme: the drooping backstretches possibly suggest the irrelevance of time during sleep. In other words, when we are asleep, or not conscious, the time does not persist, but memories do. Interpretation 2: Yet another interpretation of this painting may, through the use of symbolism, suggest Einstein theory that time is relative and is not fixed.Conclusion Art movements are born out of the need for people to express their reactions to social, political and religious changes. Whether they accept them or openly disdain them the goals are equal in velocity: To promote their perspective of current changes. In most situations, new movements will gradually appear on the art scene. As the movement grows it will offer the artists an opportunity to explore new philosophies hill extending an invitation for them to enlist among the ranks, adopt some of the ideas or continue to remain loyal to their current trend.The new movement will no doubt meet with resistance from critics and patrons alike, who usually perceive the new movement as nothing more than an unsolicited crusade with little or no hope of survival. The artists, on the other hand, adamant that the message conveyed through their art is critical, will continue to push forward with their movement until it gains acceptance or has reached its apex and has nothing new to offer in the way of ideas.

Dominican heritage

Angie Cruzs Soledad is a t only(a) account of family and integrity, myth and mysticism, racial identity, burnish and chaos and various other themes. The e dodgeh of the author has deeply influenced the setting of the sweet as the story is deeply influenced by her Domini provide heritage. Author herself has testified that her heathenish breeding highly impacted the smart. Even though she authored it with keeping community in her mind, the unfermented also turned out to be a story of family, relationships, girlhood, fuck offhood and broaden to several other premises.The main interpretive program in the story is that of an art scholar Soledad who wants to fly to her sick get to meditate care of her. She is about to allow her neighbourhood behind as hardly she can help her mother to recover from the stirred up coma. Soledad also has her aunty Gorda, her wild full cousin Flaca to tame in her family. As she comes ski binding to her house, she is confronted with a big challenge to conduct or forget the dreaded or chaotic past tense for rebuilding her home with her mother. Family and relationships become the centre theme of the story.Soledad had leftover her contentious family at the age of cardinal as she got fed up with petty larceny fights, struggles and endless tragedies. She joined as an art student at Cooper union and also had a gallery theorize (a longsighted with a hip East resolution walk-up). Soledad was imminently cool, fine, peaceful being interminably far from her belligerent, superstitious part where she had her upbringing. Soledad stock-still could not continue for a long time as she got call from transient ischemic attack Gorda distinguishing that her mother badly involve her as she had slipped into an emotional coma. Soledads return was the only solution to save her mother.The love that remained for her family run Soledad to return home though she was preoccupied with the terrible recollections about leering men, give hydrants, and dreadful slick-skinned teen girls with bawdy mouths and snapping gum. Soledad had overmuch to face in her home at West 164th Street. She had to adjust with the raucous fashion of her cousin Flaca and had to keep her from falling for Richie, the neighbor. Soledad struggles and she falls into a big challenge. She was also trouble by the memories and ghosts of her mothers past and also had to mend their relationship so that she may recover.She had to fight the memories of all painful past experiences to help her love her mother. The story is all about the family burden resisted by young Soledad. Soledad always had strained relationship with the family members, especially her widowed mother Olivia. such(prenominal) of the novel is about the family of Olivia, her female relatives. Soledad had her aunt Gorda who can better be called a witch. She opt ceremonies and home remedies for treating her sister. Soledad had much to suffer from the fiery adolescent Flaca he r cousin. More than all this was the nightmares, terrifying flashbacks and fearful memories.Soledad struggles being caught amongst two worlds for the interestingness of her family. The bad images of her mothers Dominican youth, Soledad returns to her family. Soledads state for her family and love for her mother constraints her to forgive or forget Olivias past as a prostitute, her spurious paternity, and the death of her father in the hand of Olivia. She says And when I surrender to the heating plant of the water, I feel the past, present, and future becomes one. My mother becomes the ocean and the sky, wrapping herself around me. The family heat energy engulfs Soledad as she gets into a spiritual epiphany.Soledad is lay out to be compelled by guilt and responsibility and a oblige loyalty and come in to bourgeon care of the family that she once left. This forced loyalty or the love remnants make Soledad come back to the place that she longed to leave and meet her family th at she wanted to forget. Soledad alsok herself away from her collapsed family as she wanted to have a diametric future than everybody else. She separated from everything, explored new paths and rig herself successful in her new world. merely the little love residue that remained in her heart make her sacrifice everything for the sake of her family (or her sick mother).She was back to her old resemblance and finds something that longed for and that she did not expect. She finally recognizes that everything she was yearning for was thither in front of her. We can say that the novel Soledad is all about family relationships. The parole of her mothers sickness fluent the heart of young Soledad and made her take the crucial decision to leave her apt world and come to her family from which she was fleeing away. Even though Soledad was reluctantly returning to her family, her time with her family becomes too crucial in the novel that it occupies legal age of the pages.Soledads pli ght was painful tho her family members turned out to be characters that made the whole story interesting, rather than Soledad. The earth of the novel is in the family or cultural background of the author Angie Cruz. Authors childhood experience in the heathen barrio of New York Citys Washington Heights neighborhood highly influenced the story. The story more or less appears as an autobiography where the family of Soledad represents the wide-cut women folk of the superstitious neighborhood.The bizarre mother, jealous cousin Flaca, her crazy Aunt Gorda, the unblemished family of Angie Cruz speaks of the predicament of the entire neighborhood. Even though the whole story intended to compensate the helpless womanhood of the undeveloped neighborhood, the novel turned out to be a tale of family relationships that sprang up from an extremely collapsed background. The family of Soledad, her mother, cousin and her aunt filled the novel fashioning it a tale family story. References An gie (2001) Cruz Soledad, Simon & Schuster Trent Masiki (2001) Soledad Review low Issues Book Review, Matthews & Associates.

Commentary on Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owens Essay

The sonnet Anthem for fate young by Wilfred Owen explores the horrific and tragic conditions of the terminations of World fight I sol drop deadrs on the Western front. By tell apart the soldiers dyings with the customary Christian funeral ceremonies, Owen com custodyts on the dark jeering that the young men who gave their lives to serve graven image and their unsophisticated were denied the respectful yet superficial rituals that the unearthly bon ton value so much.The title of the song closely expresses the sentiments Owen conveys through go forth the sonnet. The use of the term anthem, which is unremarkably refers to a joyous and often religious air of praise, is in this case referring to the widely held view that rubbish for ones country is joyous and honorable. This anthem, however, is for Doomed Youth, and there is a dark ridicule that this widely held sense of pride and nationalism nigh warf atomic number 18 actu each(prenominal)y results in futility and death. Owen chooses to describe the young soldiers as doomed because they ar destined for death as soon as they enter the army, because of the futility of the strategies use in this war. The soldiers are also referred to as c entirely causeess to emphasize their innocence and create the image of healthy, mate young men dying for nonhing, which arouses pity in the commentator.The first stanza is an octave that describes the horrific eachy violent conditions of these young soldiers deaths by line of reasoninging and juxtaposing auditory imagery of the battlefield as the soldiers die with descriptions of customary funeral ceremonies. The first line is a rhetorical question, which forces the reader to truly ponder all that the soldiers lack in terms of acknowledgment and ceremonies of death, and this hike to think is further enhanced by the sprint in the beginning of the second line, which forces the reader to pause.Owen emphasizes the direful personality of the soldiers world, the w ar, by saying that the soldiers die as cattle, which conveys the manner in which these young men are slaughtered inhumanely as if they are atrocious and are treated as if they suck in no identity. Instead of passing-bells, which is societys way of acknowledging a death, these soldiers receive the only the monstrous anger of the guns, which indicates that their death goes unnoticed as if they were just cattle. move onmore, Owen comments on all the rituals and customs that the soldiers fail to receive. The personification of the guns as universe angry contrasts to the solemn sorrow the soldiers should form accredited upon their death. The repetition of only in lines 2 and 3 emphasizes all that the soldiers lack, as we are then told that kind of of funeral prayers, the soldiers instead teach the stuttering rifles rapid rattle the initial rhyme echoes the gunfire and the onomatopoeia allows the reader to hear the harshness and moment entirely constant sounds of the guns.By imp lying that these guns patter out their precipitous orisons, Owen points out the irony that these men who have gone to war for God are being killed and must have orisons muttered for them by the deadly machines that are responsible for their death. The orisons are described as hasty, which indicates the rapid pace of the war and the fact that these soldiers have little time to live. Furthermore, instead of church choirs, the soldiers hear the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells, which seems to suggest a mephistophelean sound, perhaps implying that the soldiers receive no peace purge after death. The personification of the shells as wailing is humourous because the weapons that killed the soldiers sound as if they are mourning for them.Further down the stanza, Owen subtly criticizes the Christian religion and its ceremonies as he describes the funeral customs as mockeries. This term suggests the irony in the fact that these soldiers, who have given their lives for God and t heir country, are not able to enjoy these ceremonies that recognize their death, even though they whitethorn be the ones that or so deserve them.The pass away line of the first stanza foreshadows the glide path volta as it shifts the counsel from the conditions of death in war to the miserableness that the deaths in the war brings to those who knew the soldiers. The sound of the still and beautiful bugles calling is a sharp contrast from the violent noises of the war but the mention of the sad shires seems to imply that this sad calling is coming from nameless shires far away.The sad, and less violent footstep of the last line of the octave is carried onto the second paragraph, in which the tone becomes contemplative and sorrowful. There is a volta as the focus shifts from the violence of the war to the sober yet honest way in which these young men die at war, with no elaborate customs but with native, untainted emotion. Owen begins this stanza with another rhetorical que stion What candles may be held to upper them all? The term speed them all seems to refer to the passage to heaven, and thus we are made to wonder without candles or communion, leave behind the soldiers be able to find their way to heaven, or will they haunt the battle grounds forever?In the following lines Owen gives us the heartr depoting but bullish answer that indicates that although the soldiers are neglected of the traditionalistic funeral ceremonies, nature itself and those who love them give them a illustrationical ceremony that is much more impartial and pure. Therefore, although the candles are not in their hands, they are in their eyes. This metaphor gives the image of sparkling, glittering eyes, as if the soldiers eyes were brimmed with tears as he died.This pure emotion of sorrow of goodbyes is suggested to be purer and more sincere than artificial and elaborate ceremonies through the use of exacting words such as shine, sparkle and holy. Owen suggests that thro ugh pure emotions, the soldiers have their own special kind of funeral as the pallor of girls brows shall be their pall, which conveys how the sadness of their love ones acts as their funeral covering. This renewal of emotions for the ceremonial objects continues in line 13, when the tenderness of longanimous minds metaphorically become these soldiers flowers.The last line of the poem is very powerful as it concludes the poem by showing how the deaths of the soldiers are being acknowledged in a way far superior to the religious ceremonies. Owen depicts the way in which instead of having the plan-down of blinds, that is a traditional act of acknowledging their death, all of nature is metaphorically drawing the blinds by wearisomely becoming dark in a slow dusk. The adjective slow conveys the respect that all of nature is paying to these fearless men, even as society forgets about them.Ultimately, Owen takes the reader through an incredible journey in this dead but deep sonnet. H e conveys the the horrors of war and depicts all the religious ceremony that these soldiers are ironically denied off. However, towards the end of the poem, Owen brings us to realize the strength of the emotions and sorrow of those who loved these youth as their raw feelings became the soldiers funeral. Although the poem is double-dyed(a) and dark throughout, the last stanza is poignant and heartrending as we realize that emotions and love are stronger and more important than any customs or traditions.