Recommendations for Nike - 2618 Words

NIKE Executive Summary by Lawrence Gimeno Recommendations: Make it count My first recommendation is directed at Nikes push into digital sports. In my opinion the new accelerometer based Nike+ technology is the birth of a whole new generation of Nike products and an amazing innovation to motivate people to include sports into their everyday life. Nike has attained a leading role in almost every one of the upcoming world wide sporting events, such as the 2012 Olympics, the 2012 Soccer Euro Cup, the NFL Superbowl, the 2014 Soccer World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Therefore the time is now for Nike to embed their customers and the fans of these major sporting events in the experience through their new technology.†¦show more content†¦Looking at Nikes current flagship products and their presentations (NFL jerseys, Nike FlyKnit, Nike+ Technology it is obvious that the company is trying to move in the same direction as one company who mastered this strategy – Apple. Furthermore I think that publicly announcing these new product presentations and staging them in an interactive and fancy way as well as making them available for live streaming around the world on Nikes website or Facebook would quickly educate the potential customer and create the same kind of demand like Apple is enjoying for t heir iPhone, iPad and Mac product lines. Right now Nike is working on the development of a self lacing shoe as seen in the movie â€Å"Back to the Future 2† worn by the character â€Å"Marty McFly†. The company has acquired 65 patents in the process of constructing the shoe. The release of the shoe is rumored to take place in 2015, the year in which the movie takes place. Personally I see three potential outcomes of this move by Nike. First of all, this technology is applicable to the athletic footwear products as well and could revolutionize the fit of athletic shoes, giving Nike a further advantage over its competitors by owning a product that is very hard to emulate. Secondly it boosts the brands aura and identity significantly, which leads me to my next point of Nike maybe moving into the fashion industry with this cult object. However Nike has not yet confirmed any of this strategies.Show MoreRelatedNike s Core Competency : The Risky Business Of Fairy Tales1413 Words   |  6 Pagesscandal such as crimin al activity or cheating. Nike has been successful with any of their endorsements, but there are cases of athletes not so successful. In Nike’s endorsement history, there are multiple cases that athletes were involved in scandals. Phil Knight, who is the Chief Executive Officer at Nike, states that these scandals are, â€Å"part of the game† (Rothaermel MiniCase 8. 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Nike, unlike its competitors, wants to be seen more as a symbol of strength, dedication, hard work, sweat, perseverance and the desireRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Nike1428 Words   |  6 Pagesare very well polished in Nike. The owners know the correct trigger points of every class of consumer, and thus, the motivating push is given to the exact point. Emotional branding is used by Nike in several instances and this has been one of the vital areas of its operations. Nike’s position in the market is such that consumers upon hearing the name of Nike are sure that they shall be getting state-of-the-art products. Though there is no scale of comparison to say that Nike is better than the competitorsRead MoreA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This situational analysis focuses on a world leading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. 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Research on Student Difficulties in Understanding Chemical Reactions Free Essays

ASSIGMNET 1| Research on student difficulties in Understanding Chemical reactions| Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases| | Mariyam Zaina, 015482| | | TITLE INTRODUCTION Title: Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases Researches shows that students often develops new theories about how the natural world works, prior to formal science education and frequently those theories are different to those of scientists(Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Students develop those scientific conceptions from many sources such as personal experiences (eg: observations), gender, peer interaction, media, language, symbolic representations, textbooks etc†¦ In addition, sometimes teachers also serve as major sources for alternative conceptions (Chiu, 2005) and such self-constructed conceptions are referred as misconceptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on Student Difficulties in Understanding Chemical Reactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Misconceptions are ideas which are not in agreement with accepted scientific ideas (Demircioglu et al. 2005). If students have misconceptions they are then likely to reject the scientist’s viewpoints, thus it would be very important for teachers to find about the misconceptions about the concepts to be taught (Khurshid Iqbal, 2009) It is known that secondary schools students found chemistry as one of the most difficult subjects and thus many students have difficulty in understanding the most basic concepts in the subject. Researches shows that students have lot of topic in chemistry with misconceptions and one such examined topic includes acids and bases (Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Many studies show that students have a lot of complexity in understanding the right concepts in acids and bases. Some of them include that students often fail to give examples of weak acids and bases and also claims that pH is the tool more measuring acidity. And students often refer acids as chemicals hat are corrosive or chemicals that eat away everything. Furthermore students think that the more hydrogen ions present in a chemical the strength of its acidity increase. And such misconceptions make the topic acids and bases more abstract, boring and difficult to understand (Halim et al. , 2010). This research is conducted to clarify students such misconceptions or alternative theories on the concept â€Å"Strength of acids and Bases† under the topic Acids and Bases. The misconceptions taken into consideration are: * Substances containing H are acidic and substances containing OH are basic * A strong acid doesn’t dissociate in water solution, because its intra-molecular bonds are very strong * Concentrated acids are dangerous but concentrated bases are not * As the value of pH increases, acidity increases * As the number of hydrogen atoms increases in the formula of an acid, its acidity becomes stronger * All acids burn and melt everything * All acids and bases are harmful and poisonous * Alkalis are strong bases * Strength and concentration mean the same thing The strongest acid is the most concentrated acid (Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Some important key term used in this research include misconceptions (defined in the first paragraph), Strong acid, weak acid, dilute acid, concentrated acid, This is a topic usually confused by students and most of the time they accidently confuse the specific terms such as â€Å"strong acid† with contracted acid or corrosive acid. In fact it means neither of those things. A strong acid is an acid which is fully ionized in solution and a weak acid is an acid which partially dissociates in solution. Similarly a strong base is base which ionizes fully in solution and weak bases get partially ionized in solution (Strong and Weak Acids and Bases, n. d). Concentrated acid has a relatively large amount of solute dissolved in the solvent. A dilute acid has a relatively smaller amount of solute dissolved in the solvent (Acid Strength, n. d) In this research it is assumed that all the students who participated in the survey are students who studied chemistry and thus would be thorough with the topic acids and bases. And also the students have answered all the uestions individually without any help or guidance and have given honest answers according to their levels of understanding. Furthermore it is assumed that students would be able to draw the molecular representation of the dissociations of ions in water by showing the molecules or ions present. The Rationale From various researchers done on student’s understanding of the topic acids and bases it is found that lot of secondar y schools students have very different ideas or misconceptions on the concept strong and weak acids and bases. In a lot of situations students often describe ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ as being synonymous with ‘concentrated’ and ‘dilute’. And most of the time these misconceptions arise because teachers are not aware of students prior or existing knowledge about a concept or do not address to such alternative theories they have about the concept. Which lead to students into more confusion and let them go ahead with their wrong concept. So the purpose of this investigation was to find students misconceptions on the concept of strong and weak acids and bases via a questionnaire. Furthermore the purpose of the research is to find the students misconceptions on the concept acids and bases in Maldivian schools and thus find ways to implement lesson which could address their misconceptions as future teachers. Procedure Research was conducted using a probing tool to find students misconceptions. And the tool used was a questionnaire with multiple choices, fill in the blanks using the best word from the words give and a question where students have to draw and show their ideas on the concept. The questionnaire was given to grade 25 students of grade 9 from Dharumavantha School. Students were chosen randomly from five classes of 9. From each class 5 students were just chosen randomly and asked to fill the questionnaire (Refer appendix for all the questionnaire students have filled). After that the forms were collected and the data was analyzed and percentage of the students choices were found and presented in the result sections RESULT Question 1 – Misconception; Substances containing H are acidic and substances containing OH are basic Figure 1: Percentage of students’ choices for the question number one. According to 62. 5% students A is the best choice. And no students have chosen D as the answer Question 2 – Misconception; Concentrated acids are dangerous but concentrated bases are not Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 2. 52% students have chosen A as the answer while the rest of the students think the correct answer is D Questions 3- Misconception; as the number of hydrogen atoms increases in the formula of an acid, its acidity becomes stronger Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 3 according to highest percentage of students’ choice B which is phosphoric acid is the strongest acid Question 4 – Misconception; Alkalis are strong Bases Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 4 the highest percentages of students have chosen A as the answer. But there isn’t a huge difference between students choices Question 5 – all the acids and alkalis are harmful and poisonous Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 5 it shows that for this question different student had different views. And most of the students with 36% chosed A as the answer Question 6 – Misconception; All the acids will eat and burn everything away Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 6 According to 84% students not all acids will burn and eat everything away. Only some acids will burn and eat everything away. Question 7 – Misconception; Strength and Concentration means the same thing Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 7 Result shows that most of the students do not have this misconception; only about 24% students have the misconception while 76% are well aware of the concept strength and concentrated Question 8- Misconception; as pH increases acidity also increases. Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 8 Almost all the students were clear about this concept that as pH increases acidity decreases Questions 9 – Misconception; A strong acid doesn’t dissociate in water solution, because its intra-molecular bonds are very strong. Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 9 – 44% students were able to draw and show the microscopic dissociation of ions in strong and weak acids with all criterions present. And 8% students drew with some criteria missing. And the rest of the 48% students had misconceptions about the dissociation of strong and weak acids in water Question 10 –Misconception; the strongest acid is the most concentrated acid Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 9 – it shows that most of the students is quite clear with this misconception. Yet 36% students still have the misconception that the strongest acid is the most concentrated acid DISCUSSION The first misconception dealt in the research was one of the very basic concepts under acids and bases. That is the definition for an acid and a base. A common misconception is that acids are chemicals with hydrogen (H) in the chemical formula and bases are chemicals with OH in the formula. 62. 5% students think that C2H5OH is basic as it has OH in its formula. 4. 2% students think C6H12O6 is both acidic and basic as it has both H and OH in its formula. While the rest of the 33. 3% gave the correct answer which is C6H12O6 and C2H5OH is neither acidic nor basic even though they have H and OH in the formula. But the result also shows that all the students are aware that ammonia is not an acid even if it has H in its formula. Acid is a substance that gives H+ ions when dissolved in water. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen, however there are compounds that contains hydrogen in their formulas but does not act as acids; for an example water, H2O, ammonia NH3. A base in definition is that substance which gives OH- ions when dissolved in water. Thus they are not substance with OH present. There are many substances that contain OH and H, yet does not act as acids or bases (Acids, Bases and Salts, 2005). For an example Sucrose, C6H12O6, contains H and OH, however, when dissolved in water it dissolves as intact molecules and does not ionize to produce any H+ or OH- ions, as shown by the equation: C6H12O6(s) + H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq). Since sugar molecules do not lose any H+ or OH- ions, sugar is not considered an acid. Alcohols (C2H5OH) have a characteristic hydroxyl group, OH, covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule. When alcohols dissolve in water they also dissolve molecularly and do not ionize. Since no OH- ions are released, alcohols are not bases (Concept or Skills Development, n. d). However from the research it shows that students are not very clear about this idea and because of that most of the students have chosen A as the answer. A student’s misconception is that only concentrated acids are dangerous while concentrated bases are not. This misconception also was proven from question 2, as 52% students have chosen concentrated HCl only as most dangerous. Yet, the result also talks to two sides because almost half of the students have chosen the correct choice (D) which says that both concentrated acid and base is dangerous. Choice A was a misconception. Weak acids and weak bases are not dangerous, but both strong acids and strong bases can both be harmful to human tissue. For an example lime is very strong base and that is the reason why a very small amount of lime is present in concrete and mortar. And construction workers have to be very careful not to get it on their skins (Strong and Weak Acids and Bases). Another misconception was that as number of hydrogen in the chemical formula increases the strength of acid increases. According to 65% students this is true and thus they have chosen H3PO4 as the strongest acid and almost all the students have given the reason for their choice as having the most number of hydrogen in the formula. 31% students have chosen the correct answer which is sulfuric acid which is the strongest out of the three and have given the correct reason as, it could fully ionize in solution. Only 3% students have chosen nitric acid as the strongest acid. According to students the more hydrogen present it can contribute to more H+ to the solution, thus it would become stronger. The strength of an acid is determined by its ionization power which determined by the pKa value. The lower the pKa value the stronger the acid. Thus H2SO4 is the strongest ith pKa = -3. 1 followed by nitric acid (pKa= -1. 3) and phosphoric acid (pKa = 2. 12) (William, n. d) The reason for this misconception might be because students have not learnt the pKa values and not gone into such details which would help to explain why an acid is becoming stronger. To clarify the misconception could give the pKa values as an extra information for the students or could make the students clearer on the concept that the strength depends on the amount of dissociation. Fourth question is about the misconception that alkalis are strong bases. Some students have the misconception that as alkalis is basic substances that dissolves in water they are strong bases. And from the survey it shows that 24% students do have this misconception. But it shows that apart from this misconception, most (36%) students have another wrong concept that alkalis and bases are same. 28% students do know the right answer from the choices given. Results of 5th question show that just 24% of students had the misconception that all the acids and alkalis were harmful and poisonous. Majority of students (36%) think that only concentrated HCl and concentrated NaOH will be harmful and poisonous, which was the correct choice out of the acids and bases is given. Dilute ethanoic acid would not be harmful as it would be used in many of the foods items as well. Also would not be dilute ammonia. Thus the result coveys the message that majority of students are clear about the above misconception. Yet there are few students with different views so as teachers need to show students the differences by showing examples as such. Sometimes students are not aware of the idea that they eat and drink acids, so if they know better acids such as citric acids, acetic acids would e able to clear this misconception Sixth, seventh and eight questions it shows that majority students do not have the misconception identified. Sixth question 84% students know the correct answers for the blank which is â€Å"some† acids would burn and eat everything away. Seventh question was check whether students really knows the difference between concentrated and strong acids. It was an application question and 76% students have given the right answer which is â€Å"conc entrated†. Only 24% students had the misconception that ‘concentrated’ and ‘strong’ means the same. The students might have given the correct answer because two concentrations were given. For those who have given the correct answer whether they really know the difference, a different type of question with the same misconception was given (question 10). The correct answer for the 10th question was C which shows the full dissociated acid and thus it would be the strongest. 64% students have chosen this as the answer. Which shows some students knows that strong acids are those which dissociate fully. However majority of students from that 64% has given the reason for their answers wrong. According to them C is correct because it contains the most number of molecules. So that means students do have the misconception about the strong and concentrated acids. Also 36% students chose D as the answer and most of their reason was that it has no water. This shows that their think strongest acid is the acid with least water present or otherwise the most concentrated acid. Eighth question none of the students had the misconception that as pH increases acidity increases. Some students might think as pH is the measure concentration of H+ ions as the pH increases the number H+ ions might increase thus would increase the acidity. Yet, all the students gave the correct answer for this question. For the 9th question a variety of answers were given. The misconception check was â€Å"the stronger the acid the lower the dissociation because the inter-molecular bond would be stronger and weak acids would dissociate more†. For this question it was checked whether the students had the following criteria’s. In weak acid shown the H-F not dissociated and very few H+ and F_ ions dissociated and in strong acid H-Cl fully dissociated into H+ and Cl- ions. And even if students have shown the water molecules or not shown it is correct. 44% students did draw the diagrams correctly with all the criteria given and have given the reasons as strong acid dissociate fully while weak acids would do partially. 8% students drew almost correct dissociations, but they most of them have not shown the ionic forms. (Refer appendix for students’ answers). And majority of students had misconceptions. Most of these students have shown more number of molecules in the strong acid side while less molecules’ in the weak side. Students have the concept that strong acids have more molecules’ and weak acid would have less. Only one student has given the reason as the stronger acid would have stronger bonds so dissociation would be lesser. Thus it can be concluded that majority does not have that misconception but they do have another misconception which is mostly related to now knowing the actual meaning of strong and weak acids and also confusing it with concentrate and dilute. Considering the misconceptions it is important as teachers to take actions to eliminate such misconceptions. Firstly the students should be given instructions which foster conceptual understanding rather than rote memorization. Students are just given definitions of acids bases and they have memorized it, does not get any understanding as to how an acid becomes stronger weaker, concentrated or diluted (Yezdan, 2009). For an example students show the difference in this four by comparing the pH of the four types of acids; concentrated, dilute, weak and strong. In the class the students could be given discussion with teacher or peers to reflect on what they learnt and thus come up with the conceptions they have and thus the teacher can help in correcting them (Yezdan, 2009) Students misunderstanding arises generally from their experience s in everyday life and such experiences could be used to even eliminate the misconceptions. For an examples from early child hood onwards by watching cartoons and all students think that an acid is something which will make a hole where ever put and it is always dangerous. But could brainstorm students’ understanding about the weak acids present in the materials that are used in day today lives and relate it to weak acids being harmless. Also demonstrating student the difference between a strong acid and concentrated acid rather than just giving definitions ((Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Also could establish analogical thinking between real life examples and the unknown while learning new information could discard misconceptions. For example, teacher asks to the students if there is a relationship between the number of hydrogen atoms that the acid contains and acidic strength. After taking students responses and guiding the discussions till getting the true answer go one step further and asks â€Å"Is H3P04 stronger than HCl? â€Å". Then allows students to discuss again and reach the answer. In order to establish an analogical thinking with real life situations can ask â€Å"how do we measure the strength of the bulbs that we use at our homes? † and guide the discussions until students reach the fact that â€Å"If a bulb gives off a lot of light it is strong, a little Light it is weak† and then helps students to establish the analogy of if an acid ionizes a lot, it is strong; ionizes a little, it is weak like in the case of bulbs. Similarly, provide students to realize that only one bulb sometimes may give more light/ may be more powerful than the two or more bulbs like in the case of the acidic strength and the number of hydrogen atoms that an acid contain i. e. HCl is stronger acid than the H3P04 because it gives more hydrogen ions than H3P04 when dissociates in water although it contains smaller number of hydrogen atom. Some limitations of this research include that the research is based only onto answer of 25 students which is a very small sample size to know the extent of overall students understanding. Also the sample is from one school, even the students understanding may differ in schools because of the differences in methodologies used in teaching same concept. Also even though it was assumed that students have given honest answers without help from anyone some students answers were very similar which should be because of copying or discussion so the authenticity is not very effective, need to make sure students do it individually. Conclusions The purpose of the research was to find whether the misconceptions stated in the introductions were there in the students and to check the extent of students’ understanding on the concept ‘strength of acids and bases’. According to the results majority of students have a deeper understanding of the topic and does not have the most of the misconceptions stated. However some concepts such as â€Å"concentration is same as strength†, â€Å"as number of Hydrogen increases the acidity increase† and â€Å"substances with H in the formula is acidic and OH is basic†. These three misconceptions were found in majority of students and thus need to be dealt as they are one of the very basic and important concepts. And since chemistry as the topics are very much interrelated if the misconception persists it can lead into further misconceptions. So during teaching need to give more attention of those areas and try to use methods such as analogical thinking, demonstrations, applications questions which would help to clarify their misconceptions. Furthermore need to check students’ prior knowledge before going into the new concepts as it would be the foundation for the new knowledge. REFERENCES Acids, Bases and Salts. (2005). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. krysstal. com/acidbase. html Acid Strength. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://media. rsc. org/Misconceptions/Miscon%20acid%20strength. pdf Chiu. ,M. H. (2005). National Survey of Students’ Conceptions in chemistry in Taiwan. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://old. iupac. org/publications/cei/vol6/07_Chiu. pdf Concept or Skills Development. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. okstate. edu/jgelder/acidPage25. html Demircioglu. G. , Ayas. A and Demircioglu. H. (2005). Conceptual change achieved through a new teaching program on acids and bases. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. rsc. org/images/p3_Demircioglu_tcm18-31135. pdf Khurshid. , M and Iqbal. , M. Z. (2009). Children’s Misconceptions about Units on Changes, Acids and Laboratory Preparation of CO2. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://pu. edu. pk/images/journal/ier/PDF-FILES/4-Childrens%20Misconceptions. pdf Halim. , N. D. A. , Ali. , M. B. , Yahaya. , N and Junaidi. , J. (2010). Learning acids and Bases through Inquiry Bases Website. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://teknologimalaysia. academia. edu/noordayana/Papers/393231/Learning_Acids_and_Bases_Through_Inquiry_Based_Website Strong and Weak Acids and Bases. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. sky-web. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/Science/strongacids. htm William. , R. (n. d). pKa Data. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://research. chem. psu. edu/brpgroup/pKa_compilation. pdf APPENDIX Raw data of the survey conducted | QUESTION 1| | QUESTION 6| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 15| 62. 5| | Some| 21| 84. 0| B| 1| 4. 2| | All| 4| 16. 0| C| 8| 33. 3| |   | 25|   | D| 0| 0| | | | | | 24|   | | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 2| | QUESTION 7| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 13| 52. 0| | Concentrated| 19| 76. 0| B| 0| 0. 0| | stronger| 6| 24. 0| C| 0| 0. 0| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| D| 12| 48| | | | | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 3| | QUESTION 8| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 7| 30. | | Increase| 25| 100. 0| B| 15| 65. 2| | Decrease| 0| 0. 0| C| 1| 4. 3| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| TOTAL| 23| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 4| | QUESTION 9| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 2| 8. 0| | shown all the criteas | 11| 44. 0| B| 19| 76. 0| | Some criteria missing| 2| 8. 0| C| 2| 8. 0| | misinterpretation of the concept| 12| 48. 0| D| 2| 8| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 5| | QUESTION 10| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 9| 36. 0| | A| 0| 0. 0| How to cite Research on Student Difficulties in Understanding Chemical Reactions, Essays

The Importance of Information Management Software Free-Samples

Question: Clearly Describes the System, Costs, Benefits and recommendations in business language that could be understood by the Client. Answer: Introduction This report is based upon the analyses of the company namely Barrys Beans which are leading coffee chain brand in the Australian countries. The company needs to attract the new customers and become competitive in the market with the help of the modern information system software namely CRM. In this report, it analyses the overall problems and issues related to the company that may affect the companys profitability and market in the future. This report is categorized into four different parts. The first part depicts the summary of the overall costs, benefits, and systems used by the company. In the second part, it explains the detailed understanding about the information system selected by the company. The third part reflects in this report about the insightful recommendations of the concepts regarding the problem in the identified case. In the last part, it explains the particular system requirements of the new procedure and key business personnel. Background Barry Beans is the small leading coffee company that imports the coffee beans from the various coffee producing countries. The company has the retail stores in various states of Australia like Melbourne, Canberra, Hobart, Brisbane, and Darwin. It is indulging in two main activities of the business that selling, distribution and coffee house retail outlets (Stair and Reynolds, 2013). The company faces the problem of the competition and tight margins. The company identified that the CRM information system is best for the company to resolve the issues and problems in the company significantly. This information system software that assists to increase the profitability by organise and automate the business processes. This system helps the company to obtain the relevant data of the customer and aids to manage the customer profile and loss. This software helps the company to manage the data of the customers, interaction, and access business information and automate sales which helps busine ss to remain competitive in the market. About CRM Systems In the global competitive economy, information system plays an important role in increase the competitiveness of the company from effective information systems. It is identified in the case of Barry Beans the emerging company in the sector of beverages i.e. coffee products faced the many problems due to effective use of information systems by their competitors (Friedman, et al., 2013). The company has already the solid base of customers in their both divisions distribution and retail division. So it is important to maintain the relationships with their existing customers and increase their customer base through effective information system namely CRM. Source: (Info Entrepreneurs, 2016) Meaning and importance of CRM in the company CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management which is a most effective approach to maintain and create relationships with their customers. With this system, management can identifies the overall portfolio of the customers of Barry Beans and analyse the trend and correlate the customers needs effectively and increase the market share of the Barry Beans significantly (Kubina and Lendel, 2015). The CRM monitors and tracks the every single detail of the customers of the company effectively and indicates a company that which customer is more profitable. The current version of CRM system is beneficial for the company namely Microsoft Dynamics CRM 2016.This advance version of system grouped customer according to the different aspects it records the overall information of the customers like their location, business, tastes, and preferences. This information distributed to the management of the company which enables to focus and forecasts the each and every need of the customer significantly (Malthouse, et al., 2013). Moreover, all the details of the system are centralized for e.g. the company has five retail branches in Australia like Melbourne, Canberra, Hobart, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide and Darwin. The company has the strong customer base and CRM system helps to retain their customers with the help of better communication practices (La Ferle, et. al., 2013). This system helps to closely monitor the every single detail of the customers and provides the viable information to the management for strategic decisions in the long term. More over, there are some issues related to this information system which impacts the operations of the business significantly. Issues and challenges related to the CRM software at Barry Beans The key issues related to this software are listed as below: a) Implementation of software is expensive. The implementation cost of the CRM software is expensive for the company it includes all the manpower cost, training cost, business dependency cost and vendor cost which can be expensive for the company (Dutot, 2013). Below given table indicated the rough estimate of the implementation of CRM software. (Source: Customer Think, 2017) b) Reluctant staff to adapt- Adaption of new technology is quite difficult for the employees and vendors of the company. They are not well aware of the new system which can be the major challenge for the company in term soft cost and time (Sakas, et al., 2014). c) Outdated data and existing system support- The product may not be support to the existing systems. It cannot be compatible with the cloud applications, on-premise private cloud and operating systems. There is a lot of old data needs to be format before installing this system. The CRM cannot work effectively if there is old data in the system. It creates the extra burden on the management to manage the old data which decreases the productivity of the employees. Benefits of this system I) Enhances quality and efficiency of the products- The CRM system helps management to better understand the customer. This will enhance the ability of the company in targeting customers. This system helps to create product differentiation in the market through this software. Barry Beans can use this technology in a different manner and offers customers to different payment options like smartphone mobile apps (Kale, 2014). This system provides the facility to Mobile application payment option, which generates barcode to be used at different retail stores and distribution points of the company. This will reduce the cost and improves the profitability of the company while the focus on high-end II) Automation in marketing: The CRM system is centralized and all the information regarding the products and services on tips. The employees can use this system to promote their products and services through emails and SMS to their customers regardin value added services. Moreover, CRM gives the strong database to the sales team of the company and on the basis of data the sales force can manage its current and prospective customers (Triznov, 2013). iii) Manages customers and increase the value of priority among them: It provides the 360degree view on the customers. It integrates the various functional departments of the organisation like sales, marketing, and customer service and that empowers the business for its effective interactions with the customer and management (Lii,et al., 2013). IV) Records sales and expenses and keep everything on track: This system helps the company to maintain the records of the sales and expenses of the company on daily, monthly and quarterly basis. So that the management can identify the sales trend and makes the strategic decisions in the future. Moreover, CRM not only manages the sales data and expenses of the company but also reduces the costs, wastage, and complaints in the company. Current trends in CRM Cloud-based CRM-Cloud based software is cost effective to gather customer data. Social CRM helps companies to know the more effective information of the products and services. The company used the social sites and social media optimization to gain marketing strategies (Education, 2013). Crowdsourcing- Currently customers responds through social media and business can take the advantage of crowdsourcing for business improvements. As per the above latest developments in the technological sector, the marketing and technology aspect will grow in the coming years. Companies should adopt technology as a strategy to increase their market share and revenue. Recommendations As per the overall analysis of the problem of the Barry Beans it is recommended that the company should use the Customized CRM software according to the needs of the business. The company should use the sales force software which reduces the cost of the software per user up to $25. The companys main issue is to maintain the base of the existing customers and attracts prospective customers for growth in the long term. The company should focus on the effective training of the employees especially marketing and customer service department because they directly interact with the customers. Moreover, company should personalize the CRM, so it makes easy for the employees to work on real time. For e.g. the manager needs to show their team members that how to reduce repetitive manual tasks and replace them with the automated process or show that how valuable information takes the time to process and collect in manual processes. The company should develop the open communication with the employees while giving the initial CRM training. It encourages users to share their experiences and feedbacks. On the basis of feedbacks and issues make some modifications in CRM updates that will develop the strong relationship with its users. System Specifications People- The company needs to give training to the existing staff and new employees regarding CRM software. It will help to increase the productivity of the employees and maintain an effective relationship with their customers in the long term. Moreover, company can hire the CRM professionals at all functional levels so that they can effectively work on the systems and manage the issues significantly. The CRM professionals help the company to analyse the customers habits, trends and sales of the company (Long, et al., 2013). On the basis of effective training and systems, the company can increase their margins and customer base. Processes: The Company needs to install the current version of SalesForce CRM software it is beneficial for the company to record, analyse, and identify the competitors movements in the market. Moreover, the existing systems of the company are manually and it takes the time to store and retrieve the information in the database. The new information systems work effectively and provide the information of any functional departments in seconds (Ni?u, et al., 2014). It tracks the real-time data of the various retail stores and records the expenses and sales on daily basis. Data: The present system needs the fresh data to effectively work and provides the strategic report to the management. The Current latest version of the software will update the data of the customers on daily basis and categorized the data according to the functional levels of the company (Kpper, et al., 2014). Conclusion As per the overall analyses of the study, it can be concluded that CRM plays a crucial role to develop the effectiveness of the Barry Beans significantly. Moreover, it is also concluded that implementations of the CRM software is expensive for the company in terms of cost. But with the customized CRM software which significantly reduces the cost of the company. Furthermore, it can be identified from the study that it properly manages the database of the company and monitors the market competition and trends effectively. Moreover, the information system is important for the people, process, and data to analyses the requirements needs of the company in long term. References Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., (2016) A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. CustomerThink (2017) CRM And Customer Experience: How CRM Helps In Providing Better Customer Relationships. [Online]. Available at: https://customerthink.com/crm-and-customer-experience-how-crm-helps-in-providing-better-customer-relationships/ (Accessed: 18th May 2017) Dutot, V., (2013) A new strategy for customer engagement: how do French firms use social CRM?.International Business Research,6(9), p.54. Education, S.C.N., (2013)Customer relationship management: the ultimate guide to the efficient use of CRM. Springer Science Business Media. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P.H., Borning, A. and Huldtgren, A., (2013) Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Info Enterpreneurs (2016) Customer Relationship Management. [Online]. Available at: https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/customer-relationship-management/ (Accessed: 18th May 2017) Kale, V., (2014)Implementing SAP CRM: The Guide for Business and Technology Managers. CRC Press. Kubina, M. and Lendel, V., (2015) Successful Application of Social CRM in The Company.Procedia Economics and Finance,23, pp.1190-1194. Kpper, T., Jung, R., Lehmkuhl, T., Walther, S. and Wieneke, A., (2014) Performance measures for social CRM: a literature review.Proceedings of the 27th Bled eConference, pp.125-139. La Ferle, C., Kuber, G. and Edwards, S.M., (2013) Factors impacting responses to cause-related marketing in India and the United States: Novelty, altruistic motives, and company origin.Journal of Business Research,66(3), pp.364-373. Lii, Y.S., Wu, K.W. and Ding, M.C., (2013) Doing good does good? Sustainable marketing of CSR and consumer evaluations.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(1), pp.15-28. Long, C.S., Khalafinezhad, R., Ismail, W.K.W. and Rasid, S.Z.A., (2013) Impact of CRM factors on customer satisfaction and loyalty.Asian Social Science,9(10), p.247. Malthouse, E.C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E. and Zhang, M., (2013) Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.270-280. Ni?u, V., Ionescu, A. and Tileaga, C., (2014) Evolution of CRM in SCRM.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, (1), pp.303-310. Sakas, D., Vlachos, D. and Nasiopoulos, D., (2014) Modelling strategic management for the development of competitive advantage, based on technology.Journal of Systems and Information Technology,16(3), pp.187-209. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G., (2013)Principles of information systems.USA: Cengage Learning. Triznov, M., (2013) Current approaches to customer relationship management.Intercathedra,29(2), pp.89-95.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Vietnam Veterans Essays

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Vietnam Veterans Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Vietnam Veterans The power of the human brain is a mystery of science. For example, while certain parts of the brain are well known to control certain bodily functions, the brains memory capacity is just now being discovered. Scientists believe that only a small fraction of the brain is actually used, and its potential power is much greater than one may expect or believe. Its ability to view and store information is still not totally understood by scientists today. This causes a special problem in the treatment certain mental illnesses such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is a reaction to a traumatic event in which death, serious injury, or the threat of either is present. The most common occurrence of this illness is among veterans of war, and it is very common among those who served in Vietnam. Vietnam veterans who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and do not receive medical treatment are at a high risk of suicide and other horrible demises. They become despondent and hard to talk to. It is as if the sufferers of PTSD are in a different reality. The traumatic events play back in their mind and they have a tough time relating with people. Louise Erdrich illustrates this in The Red Convertible. The short story is about two teenage Native American boys, Lyman and Henry, and the bond of their love for each other symbolized by a red convertible. One summer they buy a red convertible and travel across North America. When they return home, the older of the two, Henry, gets drafted in the war and spends up to three years in Vietnam with several of them as a POW. When he comes back, the effects of PTSD are obvious, but medical treatment is unavailable to him on his reservation because his mother is afraid to visit the local doctor. Henry, who used to be an energetic, joking, happy-go-lucky person, is now very quiet, jumpy, and uncomfortable around other people. He just sits in front of the familys color television firmly gripping his chair. People on the reservation find Henry strange and they do not know how to act around him. Lyman finds his brother hard to understand, so he purposely destroys the convertible, which he had kept in good shape since before the war, and believes that through Henry fixing it, their old relationship can be rekindled. For a while Henry shows a small bit of his old self as he intently works to refurbish the car. When the car is completed, Henry and Lyman go for a drive and end up drinking beer down by the flooded river. In the end, Henry goes for a swim in river where his boots fill with water and his painful memories are finally stopped when he drowns. (Erdrich 293-301) Henry illustrates symptoms many Vietnam veterans have faced after the war. According to Arthur G. Neal and his book National Trauma and Collective Memory: Major events in the American Century, one of the main reasons Vietnam veterans suffer from PTSD is that they were thrown back into society without a any sort of ritualistic purification (140). Neal tells us that unlike after World War II when soldiers were given parades and were praised as heroes, Vietnam veterans were badly treated by civilian Americans because of the huge disbelief in and hatred of the war (140). The lack of this purification was especially bad for those veterans who were underprivileged, such as Native Americans. These underprivileged veterans were unable to get the required medical attention to treat their disorder. The poverty that Native Americans and those of other similar demographics lived in caused a sharp difference in veterans who suffered from PTSD, as Sarah L. Knox writes in a review of Eric T. Dean, Jr.s Shook over Hell: Post-Traumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War (111). Knox says Dean argues that the privileged veteran would receive better treatment and medical attention compared to his impoverished counterpart (111). Neal also states that the communities and employers of Vietnam veterans treated them as if they had just gotten back from a vacation (140). This casual handling

Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essays

Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essays Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essay Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essay MARKETING RESEARCH INTERNAL ASSESSMENT ASSIGNMENT SATISFACTION OF VODAFONE CUSTOMERS BY RAHUL G GADDAM PGDM BT ROLL NO: 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the preparation of this report, I acknowledge the encouragement and assistance given by a number of people from IPE. I sincerely thank Dr. Reshmi Ann Thomas for providing assistance and guiding me in doing this project. I thank her once again for exposing me to research methodology and also exposing me to software package SPSS. I want to show my gratefulness to all the respondents who spared their precious time in answering my questionnaires. INDEX PAGE NO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Executive Summary This research intends to investigate the relationships between the independent variables (offers,affordability,customer service, connectivity) and the dependent variable (customer satisfaction in Vodafone). It is a correlational study that measures the relationship by showing offers,affordability,customer service, connectivity as the independent variables and consumer preference as the dependent variable. The sample for this study was the IPE postgraduate students who use Vodafone as their service providers. Total 43 questionnaires were distributed among the undergraduate students and each questionnaireconsists of 14 questions. therefore 602 questions were used for data analysis. SPSS 15. 0 was used to analyze the collected data. Reliability analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed for testing hypothesis. Finally, considering the time and resource constraints, the researcher tried to follow every possible guideline to establish the relationship between the variables. INTRODUCTION Vodafone is a mobile network operator headquartered in Berkshire, England, UK. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover and has a market value of about ? 75 billion (August 2008). Vodafone currently has operations in 25 countries and partner networks in a further 42 countries. The name Vodafone comes from Voice data fone, chosen by the company to reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones. As of 2006 Vodafone had an estimated 260 million customers in 25 markets across 5 continents. On this measure, it is the second largest mobile telecom group in the world behind China Mobile. Mobiles places a vital role in our life these days. There are many network providers in the market. Vodafone is one of the major player in the telecom sector. This research is all about customers using Vodafone as their serivce providers. The customer has wide choice of selecting the network, among them Vodafone stands the first to be choosen and that is the reson why it is said to be worlds largest network. The main objective of this research is to find out whether the customers using Vodafone as their service providers are satisfied with its service or not. Satisfaction of the customer is the main priority of a service. More than 70% of its users are satisfied with its service (according to the researcher).

Quotes About Friends and Friendship

Quotes About Friends and Friendship Friendship is a rare and precious commodity. If you have a friend who truly understands you and accepts you despite your shortcomings, then you are the luckiest person in the world. Quotes About Friendship Here are some quotes about friendship and friends: Walter Winchell: newspaper/radio columnist/commentator ï » ¿A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. Anonymous To have a good friend is one of the highest delights in life; to be a good friend is one of the noblest and most difficult undertakings. Christi Mary Warner: singer/songwriter, poet A true friend is one who knows all about you and likes you anyway. Aristotle: Greek philosopher What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. Anonymous A friend hears the song in my heart and sings it to me when my memory fails. Bishop Fulton J. Sheen: Catholic bishop, TV commentator Every man rejoices twice when he has a partner in his joy. He who shares tears with us wipes them away. He divides them in two, and he who laughs with us makes the joy double. Jacques Delille: French poet Fate chooses our relatives, we choose our friends. Samuel Butler: English novelist, essayist Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. Anonymous Every time I hold you I begin to understand, that everything about you tells me youre my best friend. Proverb Advice from your friends is like the weather; some of it is good; some of it is bad. Orson Welles: American actor, writer, director Were born alone, we live alone, we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that were not alone. Charles R. Swindoll: Christian pastor and authorI cannot even imagine where I would be today were it not for that handful of friends who have given me a heart full of joy. Lets face it, friends make life a lot more fun. Yolanda Hadid: Dutch-American television personalityI have learned that friendship isnt about who youve known the longest, its about who came and never left your side. Simon Sinek; British-American author, consultant The strong bond of friendship is not always a balanced equation; friendship is not always about giving and taking in equal shares. Instead, friendship is grounded in a feeling that you know exactly who will be there for you when you need something, no matter what or when. Khalil Gibran:Â  Lebanese-American writer, poet In the sweetness of friendship let there be laughter, and sharing of pleasures. For in the dew of little things the heart finds its morning and is refreshed. Ray Bradbury: American authorIf we listened to our intellect, wed never have a love affair. Wed never have a friendship. Wed never go into business, because wed be cynical. Well, thats nonsense. Youve got to jump off cliffs all the time and build your wings on the way down.

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example The brand has featured some famous personalities for promoting its brand. Coca Cola in Present Coca cola is the world’s largest manufacturer, distributer and marketer of non alcoholic beverages, which has its operation in more than 200 countries. It has introduced new variants to its category such as diet, vanilla and cherry coke. In the year 2002, the company launched new variant c2, which is a low carbohydrate cola, and an energy drink named Full Throttle. The following year, 2003, Coca Cola Company introduced coca cola lime, coca cola zero which was regarded as a low calorie beverage. The company also added a sugar free version of Full Throttle. In the year 2006, the company again introduced new product line which included regular and diet version of Black Cherry Vanilla Coke, energy sodas; Tom Standage, a social historian introduced Coca Cola as among the six beverages which have shaped the world. He was signed as an international symbol of freedom during the cold war in U S. In 2007, the company had acquired Glaceau, which is a beverage company which produces flavored and vitamin water (Giebelhaus, 2008). The company has established a brand that is well renowned globally. Its distribution channel and the product are so huge that it cannot be duplicated. Coca cola has a competitive advantage over its competitors (Sander & Slatter, 2009, p.27). Coca cola has grown to be one of the ubiquitous brands with 1.7 million beverages being sold per day. Recently it had celebrated its 125 years of existence and has developed a recyclable merchandise to be used in grocery stores (The Coca Cola Company, 2011). Evolution of Coca Cola Company The company was started by Dr. John Pemberton who was an Atlanta pharmacist in the year 1886. Coca cola was used as a nerve and brain tonic. The first manufacturing plant was opened in 1884. Coca-Cola was sold to Ernest Woodruff for 25 million dollars. It was woodruff who introduced the first six bottle carton and also made it available in the vending machines in 1929. Promotional tools were used and the first advertisement was made in radio in 1930s following with a commercial advertisement in television in 1950. Currently Coca-Cola is advertised on five hundred TV channels globally. In 1985, Coca Cola Company introduced its diet coke. But the product did not do well in the market thus coke decided to change it to old coke. At present coca Cola is worth more than 58 million dollars. It has been the sponsor of Olympics for the past 65 years (Echeat, 2004). Target market The target market of coca cola is large. It is affordable by any level of income. It is consumed by both males and females. Consumers who drink coca cola are from the different sections from the VIPs to the celebrities to the common people. Coca cola has targeted that section of people who enjoys drinking soft drink and has made it as a part of their lifestyle. Coca cola diet is targeted for people who are older in age (Ma'arif, 2007, p.22 0). The target remains the same. It is targeted to both males and females and of all age groups. Competition positioned Soft drink needs to be carefully positioned with respect to competition as image is important when consumer chose a brand. Competitor of Coca Cola is Pepsi Cola. Both are trying to gain a competitive position in the cola

Social Work Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Work Reflection Paper - Essay Example The objective of the project was to determine if the social workers could draw a distinction between personal values and those of patients and their families. Another objective was to determine how the role of social work could change in the midst of a treatment. Finally, the last objective was to allow social workers to identify their comfort levels regarding the end of life discussions. The evaluation was divided into three activities. This paper presents a reflection on how my group responded to the activities, how the objectives were met, and implications of this exercise for my practice as a social worker. Activity 1, Activity 2, and Activity 3 were end of life care, comfortable and dignified death, and completing the five wishes respectively. Activity 1 involved a scenario of Mr. Cortez, who is connected to ventilator 24 hours following gunshot wounds. Additionally, Mr. Cortez cannot feed on his, so he is given food through tubes. Moreover, the patient is sore and cannot make any purposeful movement. The group responded to the scenario guided by a number of issues including personal values, factors that bar families from making healthcare decisions, and application of social work expertise in the situation. As the discussion went on, I noted a number of important factors. For instance, the main barriers to decision making by families include culture, religion, the inability of the patient to air his opinion, and language/comprehension. Additionally, from the activity, it emerged that not everyone is comfortable with discussing end of life issues and initiating end of life with the fa mily of the patient. For example, Sarah Welsh and Roy found it hard to talk about death and initiate the end of life conversation with the family. Nevertheless, the group responded well to the activity, and one of the strengths demonstrated was the ability to convince and encourage one another to uphold the duties of a social worker. For instance,

Chapter 54 Essay Example for Free

Chapter 54 Essay Chapter 54: Community Ecology Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1.What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community. 2.This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Type of Competition Explanation Example Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition 3.What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example. 4.Define ecological niche. 5.Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.) 6.What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche? 7. Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.) 8.Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Prey Animal Animal Animal Plant Fungus Animal Bacteria Animal Fungus Example Plant 9.List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food. 10.List three ways prey species elude predators. 11.Compare the two types of mimicry. Type of Mimicry Batesian MÃ ¼llerian Description Example 12.What is herbivory? 13.Did you list any special herbivore adaptations for predation in your response to question 9? Or plant adaptations to avoid herbivory? List two adaptations for each category here. 14.Describe and give an example of each of the following interactions: Type of Interaction Description Example symbiosis parasitism commensalism mutualism 15.Which category above includes the other three? Note that other texts may define this term more narrowly. 16.Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction predation commensalism mutualism parasitism interspecific competition herbivory +/+, +/–, –/–, +/0 17.What is species diversity? What are its two components? Why is it important? 18.What does an ecologist summarize in a food web? 19.Know the levels of trophic structure in food chains. Give a food chain here, including four links that might be found in a prairie community, and tell the level for each organism. 20.Name every organism in the pictured food chain, and give the trophic level in the box. 21.According to the energetic hypothesis, why are food chains limited in length? How much energy is typically transferred to each higher level? 22.What is a dominant species? For the area where you live, what would be considered a dominant tree species? 24.Name one keystone species, and explain the effect its removal has on the ecosystem. 25.Explain facilitator or foundation species and give an example. You may omit bottom-up and top-down controls. Concept 54.3- Disturbance influences species diversity and composition 26. What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Give an example of a disturbance event, and explain the effect it has on the community. 27.Ecological succession is the changes in species that occupy an area after a disturbance. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Concept 54.4 Biogeographic factors affect community biodiversity 28. Explain latitudinal gradients in terms of species richness. Where is species richness greatest? 29.There are probably two key factors in latitudinal gradients. List and explain both here, and put a star next to the one that is probably the primary cause of the latitudinal difference in biodiversity. 30.Explain what is demonstrated by a species-area curve. 31.Renowned American ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson developed a model of island biogeography. While the model can be demonstrated with islands, any isolated habitat represents an island. What are the two factors that determine the number of species on the island? 32.What two physical features of the island affect immigration and extinction rates? 33.Why do small islands have lower immigration rates? Higher extinction rates? 34.Closer islands have 35.What is the island equilibrium model? 36.Use this model to describe how an island’s size and distance from the mainland affect the island’s species richness. extinction rates and immigration rates. Concept 54.4 Community ecology is useful for understanding pathogen life cycles and controlling human disease 37.Let’s pull a couple of ideas from this section: What is a pathogen? 38.What is a zoonotic pathogen? List three examples. 39.What is a vector? List three examples.

Frederick Douglass :: American History, Masters and Slaves

In 1845, Frederick Douglass published a narrative will be remembered in history forever. Douglass’ narrative is a recount of the tough life on the plantations before his escape to New York. He describes in this narrative the senseless acts of cruelty on the part of the masters as well as the debased lives of the slaves. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave provides a powerful account of the role of ignorance of slavery, the damaging effects on slaves and slaveholders, and the knowledge to the path of freedom for African Americans. Frederick Douglass was born in a slave cabin, in February, 1818, close to the town of Easton, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. (Bio of FD, 1) Frederick Douglass, whose full name is Frederick Augustus Washington Baily, was abandoned by his mother when he was just a baby and then was raised by his grandparents. Douglass never knew his father and according to him and nearly everyone, "†¦opinion was also whispered that my master was my father† his father figure was a white man ( NLOFD, 1). When Douglass was around the age of six, his grandmother took him to the plantation of his master and left him there. (Bio of FD, 1) He stayed there with his master for about two years then he was relocated around the age of eight where he was sent to Baltimore to live as a houseboy with Hugh and Sophia Auld, relatives of his master. Not long after his arrival his new mistress taught him the alphabet. The lessons soon came to a cease when Hugh said â€Å"learning will spoil the best nigge r in the world† (Foner, 17). When her husband forbade her to continue her instruction, because it was unlawful to teach slaves how to read, Frederick took it upon himself to learn. This marked the turning point when Frederick Douglass started to become a man. Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave was written to expose the ignorance of slavery, the damaging effects on slaves and slaveholders. Douglass wanted to show the world his story and point of view throughout his journey through slavery. The novel lets the readers feel the cruelty and hardship of Douglass’ life. The narrative goes from his early childhood, to when he escaped to freedom, to his role in the abolitionist movement. When Douglass was a young boy, he witnesses for the first time his aunt, a slave, getting whipped.

Struggles that the education system is facing

As I begin learning in a secondary urban school, I start to recognize the many struggles our instruction system is confronting. Student behaviour has ever been a serious issue in many typical urban high schools. There are schools where pupils can easy accommodate to their following class degree and schoolroom outlooks, assisting to settle portion of the battle. There are besides schools that remain fighting with the pandemonium. In add-on to the behavior issue, peculiarly in Philadelphia high schools, the course of study besides contributes to the job. Recent educational statute law has redirected the focal point of schooling. Standardization has become a tool to switch the attending to certain topics such as math and English. Whenever there is a deficiency of balance in a school course of study, the academic jobs seem to originate. It is no uncertainty that our kids need reading, authorship, and arithmetic ; nevertheless, when pupils can non do connexions between those three R †˜s and societal factors, the academic jobs persist, particularly in schools with high poorness degrees. But what truly is the job? Our urban instruction system has put aside vocational topics, limited physical instruction by holding bantam gym floor, and shifted all attending and resources to math, reading and composing. School reforms frequently stir contention among instructors and decision makers. When I look back to Dewey ‘s course of study, I realize that he got a superb thought to construction course of study that might supply the solution to current school system. Dewey ‘s thoughts influence the work of many ulterior pedagogues, psychologists, and educational theoreticians but remained in the universe of thought instead than the universe of pattern. This paper examines how Dewy struggled to construct the course of study that he believe would harmonise the universe and how he rose to the universe leader in instruction. The features of an ethical democratic leader are besides analyzed.BiographyJohn Dewey was born in Burlington, Vermont, October 20, 1859. Dewey went to public schools and graduated in 1879 from the University of Vermont. Dewey began learning in Oil City, Pennsylvania for a twelvemonth. He moved to Charlotte to learn grade school for another twelvemonth before sing doctrine as a calling. Dewey borrowed five hundred dollars from an aunt to inscribe in Johns Hopkins University where he studied doctrine. Dewey received his doctorate grade under professor Morris who tardily appointed him as an teacher at Michigan. He taught a class in psychological science as an debut to the class in doctrine and shortly became an helper professor. In 1894, Dewey was invited to Chicago as president of the Department of Philosophy, Psychology, and Education. He taught classs in moralss and logics. Dewey is best known for the laboratory school in which he developed and tested his course of study. Due to a struggle with the president of University of C hicago, Dewey left Chicago and moved to Columbia. He became active in many societal and political motions and began to go around the universe. Dewy lectured in Japan, China, and Russia. Since so, Dewey has been extremely regarded as one of the greatest mind, and subscriber to psychological science, doctrine, and educational teaching method.Democratic LeadershipNo leader could lift entirely. The ability to carry and work with people makes great leaders. Dewey was non an exclusion. Dewey was influenced by his survey of Huxley ‘s book in physiology which emphasized the integrity of the being and the interaction between being and the environment. Dewey had applied the thought good into his life. He was cognizant of the environments that surrounded him and use them as resources to back up his place throughout his life. Dewey was persuasive and he besides frequently set himself near people who can assist him do things go on. His carrying accomplishments were critical for his leading throughout his life since the beginning, following his college graduation. During the twelvemonth instruction in Charlotte, near Burlington, Dewey had the chance to discourse with Professor Torrey about doctrine. The treatment led to his consideration of doctrine as a calling. Dewey was interested in the Journal of Speculative Philosophy, edited by W. T. Harris. He submitted an article for publication. Harris accepted the article and gave it a compliment that encouraged Dewy to compose two more. Dewey finally enrolled in Johns Hopkins University to analyze doctrine under George Morris. At Johns Hopkins, Dewey began his societal networking. He met a group of alumnus pupils, including James Cattel. Meeting and working with Professor Morris was a key in Dewey ‘s success. When Morris was appointed to the president of doctrine at University of Michigan, Dewey besides became an teacher. After Morris died, Dewy so succeeded as president of the section. The sequence created a vacancy for James Tufts to fall in the module at Michigan. In 1891, Tuft came to the freshly unfastened University of Chicago. Three old ages subsequently, with the suggestion of Tufts, Dewey was invited to Chicago as president of the Department of Philosophy, Psychology, and Education. This event opened the door for Dewey to pursuit his thought in instruction reform. Dewey opened and operated his laboratory school with the support from the university president Harpert, his married woman, and aid from Dr. Young. After surrender from University of Chicago, Dewey wrote to several friends in other school. Cattell, who became professor and president of the Department of Philosophy at Columbia, secured Dewey a place in the section. Here at the Teachers College, Dewey became active in many societal and political motions. He traveled, lectured, and became a universe leader in instruction. Dewey was like a seed planted in good dirt. The conditions to win were the integrity between Dewey and his interaction with the environment. Dewey was clearly cognizant of his place in the different phase throughout his life, and he made good connexions with people who contributed to his success as a universe leader in instruction. Another common feature of an ethical democratic leader is self-confidence. Dewey has the assurance to follow his dream. At any clip in life, altering calling way is a large determination to do that requires a batch of assurance. Dewey did it at least twice. As he decided to pursuit a calling in doctrine, Dewey quitted working as a grade school instructor in Charlotte. He borrowed five hundred dollars from his aunt to inscribe in Johns Hopkins University. When Dewey was invited to University of Chicago as president of the Department of Philosophy, he showed his great assurance. Chicago in the 1890 was about the same as Chicago of today. The city with political corruptnesss was besides the land for municipal and societal reforms. Dewey has the assurance to take the lead in the section, and open his research lab within two old ages. When the struggle between Dewey and president Harper arose in Chicago, Dewy resigned from his place and left without cognizing what to make next. He left th e school, but he did non go forth his dream. He used his assurance to follow his dream and thoughts with small respects to where he worked. He changed waies to follow his ain way. Dewey ‘s assurance was more graphic when he traveled around the universe. He traveled to different states that have different political systems like Japan, China, Soviet Union, Dewey involved in activities that advocate democracy in Japan and China. Dewey besides became involved in the difference between Stalin and Trotsky. The serious work put Dewey as a leader in educational and political reform. Dewey was ever a difficult worker who worked with passion. Dewey devoted his life to work in the field of doctrine, psychological science, and instruction. He worn multiple chapeaus along his calling line. Dewey was originally a grade school instructor, and so served as professor. He joined the University of Chicago as president of a section. In 1899, Dewey was elected as president of American Psychological Association. Subsequently, he served as president of American Philosophical Association. He had legion publications that covered a broad scope of subjects. Psychology was his first book that appeared in front of James ‘s Principles of Psychology. When he was a member of the Psychological Review, he published several articles. One of his outstanding part to psychological science was How We Think, in which Dewey formulate five stairss human takes to believe. The best known portion of his part is the work in instruction. His instruction method is dominant in the American instru ction system. During his calling, publications of methods in about all Fieldss of doctrine were apparent that Dewey was an highly difficult worker who made himself seeable and a loud voice in his field. Passion is one of the cardinal features for a successful leader. Dewey ‘s success in the field of instruction was a consequence of work outing a struggle. Before developing his invention around the struggle, Dewey carefully define the job as a disjunction between an single and society, â€Å" the ultimate job of all instruction is to organize the psychological and the societal factors. † Dewey focused on doing the connexion between the involvements and development of the person and those of the society. Dewey interested in organizing the two factors so that the person ‘s involvement and psychological science are non dictated by the societal environment. Dewey believed in doing the school a illumination community where the kid lived, participated, and contribute to the societal community while emerging individualism at the same clip. He rejected the impression that the map of instruction was to fix the following coevalss to run expeditiously in the bing societal order. Dewey besides rejected the thought that the present involveme nts of the kid must be subordinated to future wagess whether they were represented by vocational competence or by a bid of the cultural heritage. The two rejections are still valid in today ‘s society. Our instruction system aims to fix kids for the modern universe, frequently disregard the person ‘s involvement. As the procedure of globalisation is on the manner and competition is on the rise, the person ‘s involvements are less important in the finding of a pupil about what to make in the hereafter. Often, a pupil picks their calling based on the handiness of occupations. Although it is less relevant, the impression of a kid ‘s involvement is dictated by a bid of cultural heritage exists in today society, particularly in Asiatic states where grownups pave the route of the hereafter for their kids. Dewey rejected both and looked for a new procedure of taking the kid from present involvements to an rational bid the modern universe. With that in head, Dewey wa nted to utilize a school as a research lab to plan and prove his invention. Although Dewey has set the intent of his school and an experiment to transport out, he did non get down without confer withing bing thoughts. Dewey started with an analysis on Harris ‘s humanist theoretical account. Harris ‘s focal point was to stand for in the class of survey the whole human experience. While Dewey saw that as an importance in the course of study, he found that Harris ‘s five topics did non represents the whole human experience. He pointed out the job of isolation. Each topic was taught as isolated from the following and there was no existent principal of integrity. In add-on, each of the group of surveies was ready made. Dewey believes that capable taught isolatedly loses its significance, he noted, â€Å" geographics loses much of its significance when separated from history, and history loses a good trade of its content, if you isolate it wholly from geographics. † In this course of study, the kid ‘s life is an built-in. Children ba se on balls from one subject to another, on topic to the following. They go to school, and assorted surveies divide the universe for them. Each topic is classified while facts are torn off from their beginning and rearranged with mention to some general rules. Each subjects are divided into surveies ; each survey into lesson, each lesson into specific facts and expression. Children are immature, traveling to school to go full-blown and to widen their experience. The job is so, the proviso of logical parts and sequences, and the presentation of each part in a schoolroom. Dewey besides noted that the job is terrible when it comes to topics that are presented in a more or less finished signifier. The chief expostulation of Harris ‘s place was that the procedure of conveying the kid to the intellectual of western civilisation was done without esteeming the kid ‘s involvements and how kids see their universe. They are taught from the position of grownups who arranged and pres ented cognition in organized topics. In add-on, the promise of integrity among the topics in the course of study was non fulfilled every bit long as the topics are treated independently from one another. Having been through a century of reform, the subject-isolated course of study still exists in today ‘s society as a criterion. Subjects of survey are organized cognition in detached books, taught individually by fixed course of study with fixed criterions. In add-on, instructors are besides divided harmonizing to different topics. Teachers are certified to teacher in certain capable countries. Dewey saw the job and turned his dorsum from this attack. Another option was the culture-epoch. Dewey had assorted experiencing about it but still see it as a promise for alteration in the right way. This attack is appealing to Dewey because it attempted to take the kid ‘s involvements straight into history in building the class of survey. In add-on, a culture-epoch course of study proposed to travel increasingly from the early phases of human development to civilisation by mean of ability to cover efficaciously with the modern universe. Although the culture-epoch is really promising to Dewey, it still reveals some jobs with Dewey ‘s ideal course of study. One job is the correspondence between the kid and the race that is questionable. Culture-epoch suggested that there is a possibility of a developmental phase in the kid that is non easy to do confirmation whether it exists. Reject 2 things: the human phases, and the agribusiness illustration of the manner it is carried. Bing a voice speak out his thoughts Tact/strategic 6 stairss to work out struggles Handss on the research lab school Indominable spirit struggle with Harper Resilient Move to Columbia and go on to tour universe Position of human self-respect the course of study for kids ( tonss from the kid and course of study ) Idealist/Realist ( ideal school in society )

Post Mortem

Victorian post mortem photography was a custom prevalent in Europe and, to some lesser extent, the United States. It was a culture where people used to pose for photographs with their deceased loved ones for memory purposes. This was a way through which families could mourn and accept the loss of their loved ones. Remembrance encouraged the practice of post mortem photography since most people, especially infants and young adults, were photographed together with their family members to keep their memories alive.This paper will argue that many individuals from the Victorian era who participated in post mortem photography were heavily influenced by religious beliefs that in time developed into religious fixations. Post mortem photography is defined by modern psychiatry as an aspect of acute grief, which occurs in the early aftermath of a death. Acute grief can be intensely painful and is often characterized by behaviors and emotions that would be considered unusual in normal everyday l ife.Some individuals from the Victorian era (1837-1902), who believed in post mortem photography, saw their life here as an entrance to eternal life in heaven. However, these individuals from the Victorian era further believed in freeing the soul so that it was not enslaved in the body after death and further believed that post mortem photography would so free the soul of the deceased. Background: Even though post mortem photography and the dead have a long history, most associate post-mortem photography to the Victorian period in Europe and, to some lesser extent, the United States.Post-mortem photography was very popular in this 19th century period because the invention of the first photographic process, daguerreotype (a photographic process, which a picture on a silver surface sensitizes tit iodine was developed by exposure to mercury vapor, invented in 1839) made photography much more affordable. Daguerreotype photography was embraced since it was cheap and fast as compared to d rawing; this faster and cheaper technique also offered the middle class with a way to remember the deceased.Basically meaning, that those authorizing a post-mortem photographic sketch of a relative or friend also had the financial ability to meet the cost. Because of post mortem photography new nature, society embraced the daguerreotype quickly without having a second thought. â€Å"Post- mortem photography thrived in hydrotherapy ancient decades, among costumers who preferred to posses a photo of their deceased members as compared to lacking a memory. † (Cornwall, 2004, p. 61). The photographs were used as keepsakes to remember family and friends.Some photographers dedicated a substantial portion of their time to photograph the deceased. The strict relation between post mortem photography and the Victorian period inclines to overlook a number of variables. For instance, post mortem photography is still appreciated today in the same way as it was in the 19th century (Carmicha el, 1966, p. 53). Nevertheless, there is a limited amount of photographers wrought the United States who still perform post mortem photography, and death masks.However, many modern post mortem photos put less effort on giving the deceased a life-like appearance, and instead captures pictures of the deceased in coffins. Main Point 1: During the Victorian era, it was clear there were bizarre superstitions and rituals that families abided by to ensure their loved ones got the proper burial. In addition, to the bizarre superstitions and rituals, during the Victorian era some individuals participated in witchcraft and Joined cults. Victorian society was full of bizarre prepositions and rituals, like covering all mirrors with black fabric when someone died.Most people participated in this bizarre superstitions and rituals because it was feared that the mirror could steal the decease's soul and keep it. Also, during the Victorian era many individuals in Europe and, to some lesser extent, t he United States believed in death omens, which is an indicator that the person who is visited by bad spirits is going to die. For instance, seeing themselves in dreams, or seeing an owl during the day. Main Point 2: An initial dwelling of the deceased is considered to be normal.However, Jean Calenderer, a researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill of Victorian ghost stories and early psychology, describes acute grief as pathological (meaning evidence of being mentally disturbed). It then becomes a fixation. (Spirit Photography: Victorian Culture of Mourning, 17). These bizarre superstitions and rituals were really Just symptoms of some deeper-seated pathological issues. Prevailing Theories There are other psychological answers to the obsession with the deceased.Post mortem photography in and of itself is not necessarily evidence of some sort of pathological issue. Even though the today's society looks at post mortem photography as a morbid action, most of us stil l practice it in various ways. Only the actual real life posing for the pictures is what has been abandoned. People have cultural practices that make them still value the practice of post mortem photography for purposes of remembrance. Also, the practice of post mortem photography is still essential in some religions, such as for Catholics, who cherish respecting the deed for several reasons.One is the continued need to memorial the deceased using a worshiped treasure, such as a photograph. A second reason is to maintain the continuity of church growth and ideas, as the process of the passing down of information regarding certain prominent church personalities and how they dedicated their life to serve could trigger the use of post mortem photography. This is because in current society, we identify ourselves with these people. Post mortem photography also is currently used in criminal investigations.The use of post mortem photography is essential in ensuring that even the dead can b e accorded Justice. Post mortem photos are often used as aids to deduce the cause of death of an individual, specially in a case where the death occurred under mysterious circumstances. This shows that the current use of post mortem photography in our Justice system is justifiable. Documentation does have limits. For example, in a massacre, for purposes of evidence, it is essential for the Journalist and people concerned to take pictures of the dead, but to be able to pose them for the public is not accepted.Nature always exposes human beings to challenges that need to be recorded for future generations. The use of post mortem photography as a record for future reference is commendable. For instance, in the field of anthropology, photographic communication of events is essential for they act as proof of what actually happened. Though, some people depict this as uncultured to some extent. There are certain photos that anthropologists would use, but societal moral values and beliefs r estrict the use of such photos.Yet, in order to validate the scientific findings, it is still justifiable to use post mortem anthropology to achieve this purpose regardless of societal values. Rebuttal People today are scared of death, it is not perceived as in the early 19th century when people used to take death as a normal thing. Death was more of a way of life urine the Victorian era for several reasons. Mothers died in childbirth, children died from preventable diseases, adults lived much shorter life spans. Modern medicine and technology have eliminated all of these as concerns.Celebrations such as Halloween show how people today are scared of death, as, for example, the masks used are normally from images related to death. They are intended to scare people, but at the same time they actually depict what was meant for post mortem photography. People avoid death, it is still something that happens to all of us eventually, but modern society has made it into something to be afra id of, something o scare little children and something to be kept at a distance. Most people no longer associate death as being a normal event as in the 19th century.Thus, what occurred in the 19th century was more related to trying to understand death as a normal part of life, not a pathological condition requiring medical treatment. Conclusion Even though post mortem photography was mostly attributed to the Victorian era, today people still practice this through recordings as keepsakes, the taking of post mortem pictures for use in our Justice system, the use of methods such as tattoos rented on our skin, graffiti painted on our cars and walls, images and pictures of the dead in their graves, as well as statues.We are not running away from death and post mortem photography, but we are only distancing ourselves from death while adopting other ways to remember the departed ones.

Family Counterculture Essay Example

Family Counterculture Essay Example Family Counterculture Essay Family Counterculture Essay Family Counterculture l believe the children are our future. Teach them well and let them lead the war. These are the years from Greatest Love Of All song of Whitney Houston. After listening lyrics of this song, I realized that children are very Important In our life because they are the happiness of family today and the future of our world. Thus, investment for children is investment for our future. However, it is not easy to raise hillier to be good residents in the future, especially in society today, children have chances to contact and use technology as television, computer, and phone. There are a lot of parents believe that watching television has negative effects on children, but some of them think television brings advantages for childrens development. Watching television helps children learn and acquire knowledge faster, also helps children reduce stress after school time. First of all, the best way to memorize knowledge is using pictures and sounds which are on television. If you have choices between reading a book and watching a video from television about animal world, which one do you choose? Reading or watching? I am sure that a lot of children choose watching video because the pictures and the sounds from video help them feel Interested and remember longer than reading. In fact. When I was a child, I did not Like history because It Is so boring; therefore, every time I went to history class, I slept. So my history teacher found a ewe way to teach his students was giving so many movie clips that related to his lesson. : Finally, my friends and I felt Curious and excited when we watched his movies. After that, I found some shows on television which were about history, and I watched them for a long time. In addition, television does not only provide knowledge about history or animal that are very helpful for children, also provides new information about the world as astronomy, universe, and science. Moreover, after school time, children need to relax and have fun, so watching elevation can help to reduce stress. For example, my cousin usually watches cartoon on television after his school. He laughs and has fun when he enjoys cartoon. He told me that anytime he got bad score in his school or felt not good, he watched cartoon on television that helped him forget everything. Sometimes, he sang and danced with characters from programs. Besides, relaxation Is an Important factor In the life. For adult, they can go out with their friends, or playing music that helps them reduce tress; however, children cant do that. They are still young to go out with friends, so watching television is the best way to reduce stress. To sum up, watching television does not only help children acquire new knowledge fast and remember long, also helps to reduce stress. Everything has advantages and disadvantages; the most Important thing Is how parents control and children combine learning new knowledge with relax by watching television appropriate? If children feel comfortable, they will study faster and more effective.